Jaaniste Tiina, Coombs Sandra, Donnelly Theresa J, Kelk Norm, Beston Danielle
Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia.
School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
Children (Basel). 2017 Nov 9;4(11):96. doi: 10.3390/children4110096.
This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on risk and resilience factors impacting on parental bereavement outcomes following the death of a child with a life-limiting condition. Over the past few decades, bereavement research has focussed primarily on a risk-based approach. In light of advances in the literature on resilience, the authors propose a Risk and Resilience Model of Parental Bereavement, thus endeavouring to give more holistic consideration to a range of potential influences on parental bereavement outcomes. The literature will be reviewed with regard to the role of: (i) loss-oriented stressors (e.g., circumstances surrounding the death and multiple losses); (ii) inter-personal factors (e.g., marital factors, social support, and religious practices); (iii) intra-personal factors (e.g., neuroticism, trait optimism, psychological flexibility, attachment style, and gender); and (iv) coping and appraisal, on parental bereavement outcomes. Challenges facing this area of research are discussed, and research and clinical implications considered.
本文综述了关于影响患有危及生命疾病儿童死亡后父母丧亲之痛结果的风险和复原力因素的理论及实证文献。在过去几十年里，丧亲之痛研究主要集中在基于风险的方法上。鉴于复原力文献的进展，作者提出了父母丧亲之痛的风险与复原力模型，从而努力更全面地考虑对父母丧亲之痛结果的一系列潜在影响。将围绕以下方面的作用对文献进行综述：(i) 以丧失为导向的压力源（例如，死亡相关情况和多重丧失）；(ii) 人际因素（例如，婚姻因素、社会支持和宗教活动）；(iii) 个人内在因素（例如，神经质、特质乐观、心理灵活性、依恋风格和性别）；以及 (iv) 应对和评估对父母丧亲之痛结果的影响。讨论了该研究领域面临的挑战，并考虑了研究和临床意义。
