Biomarkers for immunotherapy in urological cancers.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Immunotherapies for urological malignancies have made tremendous progress by targeting immune checkpoints and have been implemented in clinical practice nowadays. Though siginifcant number of patients does not respond to immunotherapy. Biomarkers could help to predict response to treatment, but are still under investigation. We reviewed the literature to identify relevant biomarkers in patient treated with immunotherapy.

RECENT FINDINGS

A comprehensive search of PubMed through has been performed to identify important relevant publications from 2016 to 2017 on biomarkers for immunotherapies in urological cancers including reported clinical trials. In addition, abstracts of relevant oncological scientific meetings from 2017 have been implemented.

SUMMARY

Checkpoint inhibitors have shown substantial improvement in the treatment of metastatic RCC and metastatic and locally advanced urothelial cancer. There is an unmet need for the development of predictive biomarkers in order to identify patients who are more likely to respond to therapy.