Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Int J Urol. 2019 Mar;26(3):326-333. doi: 10.1111/iju.13902. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
The present review provides an update about the major achievements and recent advances of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and prostate cancer. Although the treatment strategy for renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma includes traditional cancer immunotherapies, such as interleukin-2 and interferon-alfa, the clinical outcomes of these therapies are unsatisfactory. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has drastically changed the treatment strategy for various cancers, including genitourinary cancer. The present review summarizes the approved cancer immunotherapies for renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma and prostate cancer. Furthermore, we review the response evaluation and biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors with a distinctive mode of action that is different from cytotoxic agents. Finally, future perspectives for cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
本文综述了免疫疗法在肾细胞癌、尿路上皮癌和前列腺癌中的主要成就和最新进展。虽然肾细胞癌和尿路上皮癌的治疗策略包括传统的癌症免疫疗法，如白细胞介素-2 和干扰素-α，但这些疗法的临床疗效并不令人满意。近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂的发展极大地改变了包括泌尿生殖系统肿瘤在内的各种癌症的治疗策略。本文总结了已批准用于肾细胞癌、尿路上皮癌和前列腺癌的癌症免疫疗法。此外，我们还综述了作用机制不同于细胞毒性药物的免疫检查点抑制剂的应答评估和生物标志物。最后，讨论了癌症免疫疗法的未来展望。
