Takao Saki, Murata Aiko, Watanabe Katsumi
Faculty of Science and Engineering, 73680 Waseda University , Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Science and Engineering, 73680 Waseda University , Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Perception. 2018 Feb;47(2):158-170. doi: 10.1177/0301006617738719. Epub 2017 Nov 9.
A person's direction of gaze (and visual attention) can be inferred from the direction of the parallel shift of the eyes. However, the direction of gaze is ambiguous when there is a misalignment between the eyes. The use of schematic drawings of faces in a previous study demonstrated that gaze-cueing was equally effective, even when one eye looked straight and the other eye was averted. In the current study, we used more realistic computer-generated face models to re-examine if the diverging direction of the eyes affected gaze-cueing. The condition where one eye was averted nasally while the other looked straight produced a significantly smaller gaze-cueing effect in comparison with when both eyes were averted in parallel or one eye was averted temporally. The difference in the gaze-cueing effect disappeared when the position of one eye was occluded with a rectangular surface or an eye-patch. These results highlight the possibility that the gaze-cueing effect might be weakened when a direct gaze exists between the cueing eye (i.e., nasally oriented eye) and the target and the effect magnitude might depend on which type of face stimulus are used as a cue.
一个人的注视方向（以及视觉注意力）可以从眼睛平行移动的方向推断出来。然而，当两眼存在眼位不正时，注视方向就会变得模糊不清。先前一项研究中使用面部示意图表明，即使一只眼睛直视而另一只眼睛看向别处，注视提示同样有效。在当前研究中，我们使用更逼真的计算机生成面部模型，重新检验眼睛发散方向是否会影响注视提示。与两眼平行看向别处或一只眼睛向颞侧看向别处相比，一只眼睛向鼻侧看向别处而另一只眼睛直视这种情况产生的注视提示效应显著更小。当用矩形表面或眼罩遮挡一只眼睛的位置时，注视提示效应的差异消失了。这些结果凸显了这样一种可能性，即当提示眼（即向鼻侧方向的眼睛）与目标之间存在直接注视时，注视提示效应可能会减弱，并且效应大小可能取决于用作提示的面部刺激类型。
