van der Wel Robrecht P, Welsh Timothy, Böckler Anne
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 311 N. 5th Street Room 311, Camden, NJ, 08108, USA.
Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2018 Jan;80(1):1-6. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1462-y.
The direction of gaze towards or away from an observer has immediate effects on attentional processing in the observer. Previous research indicates that faces with direct gaze are processed more efficiently than faces with averted gaze. We recently reported additional processing advantages for faces that suddenly adopt direct gaze (abruptly shift from averted to direct gaze) relative to static direct gaze (always in direct gaze), sudden averted gaze (abruptly shift from direct to averted gaze), and static averted gaze (always in averted gaze). Because changes in gaze orientation in previous study co-occurred with changes in head orientation, it was not clear if the effect is contingent on face or eye processing, or whether it requires both the eyes and the face to provide consistent information. The present study delineates the impact of head orientation, sudden onset motion cues, and gaze cues. Participants completed a target-detection task in which head position remained in a static averted or direct orientation while sudden onset motion and eye gaze cues were manipulated within each trial. The results indicate a sudden direct gaze advantage that resulted from the additive role of motion and gaze cues. Interestingly, the orientation of the face towards or away from the observer did not influence the sudden direct gaze effect, suggesting that eye gaze cues, not face orientation cues, are critical for the sudden direct gaze effect.
注视方向朝向或远离观察者会对观察者的注意力加工产生即时影响。先前的研究表明，直视的面孔比目光回避的面孔加工效率更高。我们最近报告称，相对于静态直视（始终直视）、突然目光回避（从直视突然转变为目光回避）和静态目光回避（始终目光回避），突然采用直视的面孔（从目光回避突然转变为直视）具有额外的加工优势。由于先前研究中注视方向的变化与头部方向的变化同时发生，因此尚不清楚这种效应是否取决于面部或眼睛加工，或者是否需要眼睛和面部都提供一致的信息。本研究阐述了头部方向、突然出现的运动线索和注视线索的影响。参与者完成了一项目标检测任务，在每次试验中，头部位置保持在静态的目光回避或直视方向，同时操纵突然出现的运动和目光注视线索。结果表明，运动和注视线索的累加作用导致了突然直视优势。有趣的是，面孔朝向或远离观察者的方向并不影响突然直视效应，这表明目光注视线索而非面部方向线索对突然直视效应至关重要。
