Cériac S, Jayles C, Arquet R, Feuillet D, Félicité Y, Archimède H, Bambou J-C
URZ, INRA, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France.
PTEA, INRA, 97170, Le Moule, Guadeloupe, France.
BMC Vet Res. 2017 Nov 9;13(1):326. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1248-4.
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) remains the most important pathogenic constraint of small ruminant production worldwide. The improvement of the host immune response against GIN though breeding for improved animal resistance, vaccination and nutritional supplementation appear as very promising methods. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of four nutritional status differing in protein and energy levels (Hay: 5.1 MJ/Kg of dry matter (DM) and 7.6% of crude protein (CP), Ban: 8.3 MJ/Kg of DM and 7.5% of CP, Soy: 7.6 MJ/Kg of DM and 17.3% of CP, BS: 12.7 MJ/Kg of DM and 7.4% of CP) on the haematological disturbances due to Haemonchus contortus infection in Creole kid goats.
No significant effect of the nutritional status was observed for faecal egg count (FEC) but the experimental infection induced haematological disturbances whose intensity and lengthening were dependent on the nutritional status. A transient marked regenerative macrocytic hypochromic anaemia as revealed by a decrease of packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin and an increase of reticulocytes was observed in all infected groups except Hay. In this latter, the anaemia settled until the end of the experiment. Furthermore, H. contortus induced a thrombocytopenia significantly more pronounced in the group under the lowest nutritional status in term of protein (Hay and Ban). A principal component analysis revealed that the variables that discriminated the nutritional status were the average daily gain (ADG) and the PCV, considered as measures of the level of resilience to H. contortus infection. Moreover, the variables that discriminated infected and non-infected animals were mostly related to the biology of RBC (i.e. size and hemoglobin content) and they were correlated with FEC.
The severity and the lengthening of the regenerative anaemia and the thrombocytopenia induced by H. contortus have been affected by the nutritional status. The protein enriched diets induced resilience to the infection rather than resistance. This suggests that resilience is associated with an improved regenerative capacity of the bone marrow. However, this needs to be further investigated to understand the relationships between resistance, resilience and dietary supplementation.
胃肠道线虫（GIN）仍然是全球小型反刍动物生产中最重要的致病限制因素。通过培育提高动物抗性、接种疫苗和营养补充来改善宿主对GIN的免疫反应似乎是非常有前景的方法。本研究的目的是调查四种蛋白质和能量水平不同的营养状况（干草：每千克干物质（DM）含5.1兆焦能量和7.6%粗蛋白（CP），豆粕：每千克DM含8.3兆焦能量和7.5%CP，大豆：每千克DM含7.6兆焦能量和17.3%CP，BS：每千克DM含12.7兆焦能量和7.4%CP）对克里奥尔小山羊因捻转血矛线虫感染引起的血液学紊乱的影响。
未观察到营养状况对粪便虫卵计数（FEC）有显著影响，但实验性感染引起了血液学紊乱，其强度和持续时间取决于营养状况。除干草组外，所有感染组均出现了短暂的明显再生性大细胞低色素性贫血，表现为血细胞比容（PCV）、红细胞（RBC）和血红蛋白降低，网织红细胞增加。在干草组中，贫血一直持续到实验结束。此外，捻转血矛线虫引起的血小板减少在蛋白质营养状况最低的组（干草组和豆粕组）中更为明显。主成分分析表明，区分营养状况的变量是平均日增重（ADG）和PCV，它们被视为对捻转血矛线虫感染恢复能力水平的衡量指标。此外，区分感染和未感染动物的变量大多与红细胞生物学（即大小和血红蛋白含量）有关，并与FEC相关。
捻转血矛线虫引起的再生性贫血和血小板减少的严重程度及持续时间受营养状况影响。富含蛋白质的日粮诱导了对感染的恢复能力而非抵抗力。这表明恢复能力与骨髓再生能力的提高有关。然而，这需要进一步研究以了解抵抗力、恢复能力和日粮补充之间的关系。
