Comparative gene expression profiles in pancreatic islets associated with agouti yellow mutation and PACAP overexpression in mice.

In diabetes mellitus, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has insulinotropic and glucose-lowering properties. We previously demonstrated that transgenic mice overexpressing PACAP in pancreatic β-cells (PACAP-Tg) show attenuated pancreatic islet hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetic models. To explore the underlying mechanisms, here we crossed PACAP-Tg mice with lethal yellow agouti (KK) diabetic mice, and performed gene chip analysis of laser capture microdissected pancreatic islets from four F offspring genotypes (wild-type, PACAP-Tg, KK, and PACAP-Tg:KK). We identified 1371 probes with >16-fold differences between at least one pair of genotypes, and classified the probes into five clusters with characteristic expression patterns. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that genes involved in the terms ribosome and intracellular organelles such as ribonucleoprotein complex, mitochondrion, and chromosome organization were significantly enriched in clusters characterized by up-regulated genes in PACAP-Tg:KK mice compared with KK mice. These results may provide insight into the mechanisms of diabetes that accompany islet hyperplasia and amelioration by PACAP.