Zhang Nina Xiaoning, Messelink Gerben J, Alba Juan M, Schuurink Robert C, Kant Merijn R, Janssen Arne
IBED, Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 20, 2265 ZG, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands.
Oecologia. 2018 Jan;186(1):101-113. doi: 10.1007/s00442-017-4000-7. Epub 2017 Nov 9.
Plants possess various inducible defences that result in synthesis of specialized metabolites in response to herbivory, which can interfere with the performance of herbivores of the same and other species. Much less is known of the effects of plant feeding by omnivores. We found that previous feeding of the omnivorous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus on sweet pepper plants significantly reduced reproduction of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis on the same plants, also on leaves that had not been exposed to the omnivore. In contrast, no effect was found on the reproduction of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. Juvenile survival and developmental time of T. urticae and M. persicae, and larval survival of F. occidentalis were not affected by plant feeding by M. pygmaeus. Larvae of F. occidentalis feeding on leaves previously exposed to M. pygmaeus required longer to develop into adults. Defence-related plant hormones were produced locally and systemically after exposure to M. pygmaeus. The concentrations of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and jasmonic acid-isoleucine in the attacked leaves were significantly higher than in the corresponding leaves on the uninfested plants, and jasmonic acid concentrations showed the same trend, suggesting that jasmonic-acid-related defence pathways were activated. In contrast, similar concentrations of salicylic acid were found in the attacked leaves of M. pygmaeus-infested plants and uninfested plants. Our results show that plant feeding by omnivorous predators decreases the performance of herbivores, suggesting that it induces plant defences.
植物具有多种可诱导防御机制，这些机制会导致植物在遭受食草动物侵害时合成特殊代谢产物，从而干扰同一物种和其他物种食草动物的生存能力。关于杂食性动物取食植物所产生的影响，人们了解得要少得多。我们发现，杂食性捕食者小花蝽先前取食甜椒植株后，显著降低了二斑叶螨和西花蓟马在同一植株上的繁殖率，在未接触过该杂食性动物的叶片上也是如此。相比之下，未发现其对桃蚜的繁殖有影响。小花蝽取食植物对二斑叶螨和桃蚜的幼体存活率及发育时间，以及西花蓟马的幼虫存活率均无影响。取食先前接触过小花蝽的叶片的西花蓟马幼虫发育成成虫所需时间更长。接触小花蝽后，与防御相关的植物激素在局部和系统水平上产生。受攻击叶片中12-氧代植物二烯酸和茉莉酸异亮氨酸的浓度显著高于未受侵染植株上的相应叶片，茉莉酸浓度也呈现相同趋势，这表明与茉莉酸相关的防御途径被激活。相比之下，在受小花蝽侵染植株和未受侵染植株的受攻击叶片中，水杨酸浓度相似。我们的结果表明，杂食性捕食者取食植物会降低食草动物的生存能力，这表明其诱导了植物防御。
