Goodman Julia M
School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207-0751, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2018 Feb;22(2):184-194. doi: 10.1007/s10995-017-2390-0.
Introduction Most women in the U.S. are employed during pregnancy and work until the month of childbirth. For many, working throughout pregnancy poses little threat to their health; however, women experiencing difficult pregnancies and/or working in strenuous or inflexible jobs may benefit from taking time from work as they approach childbirth, but almost no empirical evidence examines antenatal leave (ANL). Methods Using a national survey of English-speaking women, this paper offers the first national description of ANL and examines state policy predictors of uptake. Results Thirty-seven percent of employed women worked until the week their baby was due. After controlling for characteristics of women and their jobs, living in a state with any or multiple leave laws increased the probability of ANL by 14 and 23% points, respectively. Women living in states with multiple leave laws stopped work almost 2 weeks earlier than women in states without a policy. Discussion Paid leave policies currently being considered at the federal, state, and local levels should consider the potential impact on antenatal leave, in addition to postnatal leave, and how they influence population health.
引言 美国大多数女性在怀孕期间仍在工作，一直工作到分娩当月。对许多人来说，整个孕期工作对她们的健康几乎没有威胁；然而，经历艰难孕期和/或从事繁重或缺乏灵活性工作的女性在临近分娩时可能会从休假中受益，但几乎没有实证证据研究产前休假（ANL）情况。方法 本文利用一项针对说英语女性的全国性调查，首次对产前休假进行了全国性描述，并研究了休假政策的国家预测因素。结果 37%的职业女性一直工作到预产期那周。在控制了女性及其工作的特征后，生活在有任何一项或多项休假法律的州，产前休假的概率分别提高了14和23个百分点。生活在有多项休假法律州的女性比没有相关政策州的女性提前近两周停止工作。讨论 目前在联邦、州和地方各级正在考虑的带薪休假政策，除了产后休假外，还应考虑对产前休假的潜在影响，以及它们如何影响人口健康。
