Park Bo Youn, Kim Sujin, Cho Yang Seok
Department of Psychology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2018 Feb;80(2):337-351. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1442-2.
The congruency effect of a task-irrelevant distractor has been found to be modulated by task-relevant set size and display set size. The present study used a psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm to examine the cognitive loci of the display set size effect (dilution effect) and the task-relevant set size effect (perceptual load effect) on distractor interference. A tone discrimination task (Task 1), in which a response was made to the pitch of the target tone, was followed by a letter discrimination task (Task 2) in which different types of visual target display were used. In Experiment 1, in which display set size was manipulated to examine the nature of the display set size effect on distractor interference in Task 2, the modulation of the congruency effect by display set size was observed at both short and long stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs), indicating that the display set size effect occurred after the target was selected for processing in the focused attention stage. In Experiment 2, in which task-relevant set size was manipulated to examine the nature of the task-relevant set size effect on distractor interference in Task 2, the effects of task-relevant set size increased with SOA, suggesting that the target selection efficiency in the preattentive stage was impaired with increasing task-relevant set size. These results suggest that display set size and task-relevant set size modulate distractor processing in different ways.
研究发现，与任务无关的干扰项的一致性效应会受到与任务相关的集合大小和显示集合大小的调节。本研究采用心理不应期（PRP）范式，来检验显示集合大小效应（稀释效应）和与任务相关的集合大小效应（知觉负载效应）对干扰项干扰的认知位点。先进行一个音调辨别任务（任务1），即对目标音调的音高做出反应，随后进行一个字母辨别任务（任务2），其中使用了不同类型的视觉目标显示。在实验1中，通过操纵显示集合大小来检验显示集合大小效应在任务2中对干扰项干扰的本质，在短和长刺激起始异步（SOA）条件下均观察到显示集合大小对一致性效应的调节，这表明显示集合大小效应发生在目标在聚焦注意阶段被选择进行加工之后。在实验2中，通过操纵与任务相关的集合大小来检验与任务相关的集合大小效应在任务2中对干扰项干扰的本质，与任务相关的集合大小的效应随SOA增加，这表明随着与任务相关的集合大小增加，前注意阶段的目标选择效率受损。这些结果表明，显示集合大小和与任务相关的集合大小以不同方式调节干扰项加工。
