Zeri Fabrizio, Pitzalis Sabrina, Di Vizio Assunta, Ruffinatto Tiziana, Egizi Fabrizio, Di Russo Francesco, Armstrong Richard, Naroo Shehzad A
School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
Clin Exp Optom. 2018 Mar;101(2):225-236. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12626. Epub 2017 Nov 9.
To evaluate, in an amateur sports-playing population, the prevalence of refractive error, the type of vision correction used during sport and attitudes toward different kinds of vision correction used in various types of sports.
A questionnaire was used for people engaging in sport and data was collected from sport centres, gyms and universities that focused on the motor sciences.
One thousand, five hundred and seventy-three questionnaires were collected (mean age 26.5 ± 12.9 years; 63.5 per cent male). Nearly all (93.8 per cent) subjects stated that their vision had been checked at least once. Fifty-three subjects (3.4 per cent) had undergone refractive surgery. Of the remainder who did not have refractive surgery (n = 1,519), 580 (38.2 per cent) reported a defect of vision, 474 (31.2 per cent) were myopic, 63 (4.1 per cent) hyperopic and 241 (15.9 per cent) astigmatic. Logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictors for myopia prevalence were gender (p < 0.001) and location of sport practice (p < 0.001). Sports that present higher prevalence of outdoor activity have lower prevalence of myopia. Contact lens penetration over the study sample was 18.7 per cent. Contact lenses were the favourite system of correction among people interviewed compared to spectacles and refractive surgery (p < 0.001).
This study showed that sport was not associated with different levels of myopia prevalence in the adult population. However, subjects engaging in outdoor sports had lower rates of myopia prevalence. Penetration of contact lens use in sport was four times higher than the overall adult population. Contact lenses were the preferred system of correction in sports compared to spectacles or refractive surgery, but this preference was affected by the type of sport practised and by the age and level of sports activity for which the preference was required.
评估业余运动人群的屈光不正患病率、运动期间使用的视力矫正类型以及对各类运动中使用的不同视力矫正方法的态度。
对从事体育运动的人群使用问卷调查，并从专注于运动科学的体育中心、健身房和大学收集数据。
共收集到1573份问卷（平均年龄26.5±12.9岁；男性占63.5%）。几乎所有（93.8%）受试者表示其视力至少检查过一次。53名受试者（3.4%）接受过屈光手术。在其余未接受屈光手术的受试者（n = 1519）中，580人（38.2%）报告有视力缺陷，474人（31.2%）近视，63人（4.1%）远视，241人（15.9%）散光。逻辑回归分析表明，近视患病率的最佳预测因素是性别（p < 0.001）和运动练习地点（p < 0.001）。户外活动患病率较高的运动项目近视患病率较低。研究样本中隐形眼镜的使用率为18.7%。与眼镜和屈光手术相比，隐形眼镜是受访者中最受欢迎的矫正方式（p < 0.001）。
本研究表明，运动与成年人群中不同程度的近视患病率无关。然而，从事户外运动的受试者近视患病率较低。运动中隐形眼镜的使用率比成年人群总体高出四倍。与眼镜或屈光手术相比，隐形眼镜是运动中首选的矫正方式，但这种偏好受所从事运动的类型以及产生该偏好所需的年龄和运动活动水平影响。
