Marshall Julie, Barrett Helen
a Health Professions Department , Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester , UK and.
b Communicability Global , Kigali , Rwanda.
Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018 Feb;20(1):44-49. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2017.1392608. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948 ) states that all people have the right to seek, receive and impart information using any means. Ensuring that people with communication disability achieve this right is inherently challenging. For people with communication disability, who are refugee-survivors of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), additional human rights are challenged, including the right to education, protection from discrimination, a safe place to live, security of person and legal protection. Their experiences and needs, however, are poorly understood. This paper reports on a literature review of the intersectionality between SGBV, being a refugee and having a communication disability, and a preliminary investigation of the situation of refugee-survivors of SGBV with communication disability, in Rwanda. The project involved 54 participants, including 50 humanitarian and partner organisation staff and four carers of refugees with communication disabilities, from two locations (camp-based and urban refugees). Findings from both revealed that, for people with communication disability, barriers are likely to occur at each step of preventing and responding to SGBV. Moreover, stigmatisation of people with communication disability challenges SGBV prevention/support and people with communication disability may be targeted by SGBV perpetrators. SGBV service providers acknowledge their lack of knowledge and skills about communication disability, but wish to learn. Findings highlight the need for increased knowledge and skill development, in order to improve the situation for refugee-survivors of SGBV with communication disability.
《世界人权宣言》（联合国，1948年）第19条规定，所有人都有权通过任何手段寻求、接受和传播信息。确保有沟通障碍的人实现这一权利本身就具有挑战性。对于身为性暴力和基于性别的暴力（SGBV）难民幸存者且有沟通障碍的人而言，其他一些人权也受到了挑战，包括受教育权、免受歧视权、安全居住场所权、人身安全权和法律保护权。然而，人们对他们的经历和需求了解甚少。本文报告了一项关于性暴力和基于性别的暴力、身为难民以及有沟通障碍这三者之间交叉性的文献综述，以及对卢旺达有沟通障碍的性暴力和基于性别的暴力难民幸存者状况的初步调查。该项目涉及54名参与者，包括50名人道主义和合作伙伴组织的工作人员以及4名有沟通障碍难民的照料者，来自两个地点（难民营难民和城市难民）。两者的调查结果都显示，对于有沟通障碍的人来说，在预防和应对性暴力和基于性别的暴力的每一个环节都可能存在障碍。此外，对有沟通障碍者的污名化给性暴力和基于性别的暴力预防/支持工作带来了挑战，而且有沟通障碍的人可能会成为性暴力和基于性别的暴力实施者的目标。性暴力和基于性别的暴力服务提供者承认他们缺乏关于沟通障碍的知识和技能，但希望学习。调查结果凸显了增加知识和技能发展的必要性，以便改善有沟通障碍的性暴力和基于性别的暴力难民幸存者的状况。
