Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA.
Am Econ Rev. 2006 Mar;96(1):176-94. doi: 10.1257/000282806776157731.
During the World War II and Korean War era, the U.S. military freely distributed cigarettes to overseas personnel and provided low-cost tobacco products on domestic military bases. In fact, even today the military continues to sell subsidized tobacco products on its bases. Using a variety of instrumental variables approaches to deal with nonrandom selection into the military and into smoking, we provide substantial evidence that cohorts with higher military participation rates subsequently suffered more premature mortality. More importantly, we show that a large fraction, 35 to 79 percent, of the excess veteran deaths due to heart disease and lung cancer are attributable to military-induced smoking.
在第二次世界大战和朝鲜战争期间，美国军方自由向海外人员分发香烟，并在国内军事基地提供低成本烟草制品。事实上，即使是在今天，军队仍在其基地销售补贴烟草制品。我们采用了多种工具变量方法来处理非随机选择入伍和吸烟问题，提供了大量证据表明，军人参与率较高的队列随后的过早死亡率更高。更重要的是，我们表明，由于心脏病和肺癌导致的退伍军人超额死亡人数中有很大一部分（35%至 79%）归因于军队吸烟。
