Grandjean da Costa Kell, Soares Rachetti Vanessa, Quirino Alves da Silva Weslley, Aranha Rego Cabral Daniel, Gomes da Silva Machado Daniel, Caldas Costa Eduardo, Forti Rodrigo Menezes, Mesquita Rickson Coelho, Elsangedy Hassan Mohamed, Hideki Okano Alexandre, Bodnariuc Fontes Eduardo
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Department of Physical Education, NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 10;12(11):e0188030. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188030. eCollection 2017.
Individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) have lower baseline metabolic activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with impairment of cognitive functions in decision-making and inhibitory control. Aerobic exercise has shown to improve PFC function and cognitive performance, however, its effects on SUD individuals remain unclear.
To verify the cognitive performance and oxygenation of the PFC during an incremental exercise in SUD individuals.
Fourteen individuals under SUD treatment performed a maximum graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with continuous measurements of oxygen consumption, PFC oxygenation, and inhibitory control (Stroop test) every two minutes of exercise at different intensities. Fifteen non-SUD individuals performed the same protocol and were used as control group.
Exercise increased oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and total hemoglobin (tHb) by 9% and 7%, respectively. However, when compared to a non-SUD group, this increase was lower at high intensities (p<0.001), and the inhibitory cognitive control was lower at rest and during exercise (p<0.007). In addition, PFC hemodynamics during exercise was inversely correlated with inhibitory cognitive performance (reaction time) (r = -0.62, p = 0.001), and a lower craving perception for the specific abused substance (p = 0.0189) was reported immediately after exercise.
Despite SUD individuals having their PFC cerebral oxygenation increased during exercise, they presented lower cognition and oxygenation when compared to controls, especially at elevated intensities. These results may reinforce the role of exercise as an adjuvant treatment to improve PFC function and cognitive control in individuals with SUD.
患有物质使用障碍（SUD）的个体，其前额叶皮质（PFC）的基线代谢活动较低，这与决策和抑制控制方面的认知功能受损有关。有氧运动已被证明可改善PFC功能和认知表现，然而，其对SUD个体的影响仍不明确。
验证SUD个体在递增运动过程中PFC的认知表现和氧合情况。
14名接受SUD治疗的个体在功率自行车上进行了最大分级运动测试，在不同强度的运动过程中，每隔两分钟连续测量耗氧量、PFC氧合和抑制控制（斯特鲁普测试）。15名非SUD个体执行相同方案，作为对照组。
运动使氧合血红蛋白（O2Hb）和总血红蛋白（tHb）分别增加了9%和7%。然而，与非SUD组相比，高强度时这种增加较低（p<0.001），且静息和运动期间的抑制性认知控制较低（p<0.007）。此外，运动期间PFC血流动力学与抑制性认知表现（反应时间）呈负相关（r = -0.62，p = 0.001），且运动后立即报告对特定滥用物质的渴望感较低（p = 0.0189）。
尽管SUD个体在运动期间其PFC脑氧合增加，但与对照组相比，他们的认知和氧合较低，尤其是在高强度时。这些结果可能会加强运动作为辅助治疗手段在改善SUD个体PFC功能和认知控制方面的作用。
