Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018 Apr 1;110(4):329-340. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djx231.
Innovation and progress in radiation oncology depend on discovery and insights realized through research in radiation biology. Radiobiology research has led to fundamental scientific insights, from the discovery of stem/progenitor cells to the definition of signal transduction pathways activated by ionizing radiation that are now recognized as integral to the DNA damage response (DDR). Radiobiological discoveries are guiding clinical trials that test radiation therapy combined with inhibitors of the DDR kinases DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia related (ATR), and immune or cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors. To maintain scientific and clinical relevance, the field of radiation biology must overcome challenges in research workforce, training, and funding. The National Cancer Institute convened a workshop to discuss the role of radiobiology research and radiation biologists in the future scientific enterprise. Here, we review the discussions of current radiation oncology research approaches and areas of scientific focus considered important for rapid progress in radiation sciences and the continued contribution of radiobiology to radiation oncology and the broader biomedical research community.
放射肿瘤学的创新和进步依赖于通过放射生物学研究实现的发现和见解。放射生物学研究带来了一些基本的科学发现，从干细胞/祖细胞的发现，到由电离辐射激活的信号转导途径的定义，这些发现现在被认为是 DNA 损伤反应 (DDR) 的组成部分。放射生物学的发现指导着临床试验，这些临床试验测试了放射治疗与 DDR 激酶抑制剂的联合应用，包括 DNA 依赖性蛋白激酶 (DNA-PK)、共济失调毛细血管扩张突变 (ATM)、共济失调毛细血管扩张相关 (ATR)，以及免疫或细胞周期检查点抑制剂。为了保持科学和临床相关性，放射生物学领域必须克服研究人员、培训和资金方面的挑战。美国国家癌症研究所召开了一次研讨会，讨论放射生物学研究及其辐射生物学家在未来科学事业中的作用。在这里，我们回顾了当前放射肿瘤学研究方法的讨论以及被认为对放射科学快速发展和放射生物学对放射肿瘤学及更广泛的生物医学研究界的持续贡献重要的科学重点领域。
