Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Sleep. 2018 Jan 1;41(1). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx187.
The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is reported to be free of practice effects that can otherwise confound the effects of sleep loss and circadian misalignment on performance. This differentiates the PVT from more complex cognitive tests. To the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically investigated practice effects on the PVT across multiple outcome domains, depending on administration interval, and in ecologically more valid settings.
We administered a validated 3-minute PVT (PVT-B) 16 times in 45 participants (23 male, mean ± SD age 32.6 ± 7.3 years, range 25-54 years) with administration intervals of ≥10 days, ≤5 days, or 4 times per day. We investigated linear and logarithmic trends across repeated administrations in 10 PVT-B outcome variables.
The fastest 10% of response times (RT; plin = .0002), minimum RT (plog = .0010), and the slowest 10% of reciprocal RT (plog = .0124) increased while false starts (plog = 0.0050) decreased with repeated administration, collectively decreasing RT variability (plog = .0010) across administrations. However, the observed absolute changes were small (e.g., -0.03 false starts per administration, linear fit) and are probably irrelevant in practice. Test administration interval did not modify the effects of repeated administration on PVT-B performance (all p > .13 for interaction). Importantly, mean and median RT, response speed, and lapses, which are among the most frequently used PVT outcomes, did not change systematically with repeated administration.
PVT-B showed stable performance across repeated administrations. Combined with its high sensitivity, this corroborates the status of the PVT as the de facto gold standard measure of the neurobehavioral effects of sleep loss and circadian misalignment.
精神运动警觉测验（PVT）据称没有练习效应，否则会干扰睡眠剥夺和昼夜节律紊乱对表现的影响。这使 PVT 有别于更复杂的认知测试。据我们所知，尚无研究系统地调查了在多个结果领域（取决于施测间隔）和更符合生态现实的条件下，PVT 的练习效应。
我们对 45 名参与者（23 名男性，平均年龄 ± 标准差为 32.6 ± 7.3 岁，范围为 25-54 岁）进行了 16 次经过验证的 3 分钟 PVT（PVT-B）施测，施测间隔为≥10 天、≤5 天或每天 4 次。我们调查了 10 个 PVT-B 结果变量在重复施测中的线性和对数趋势。
最快的 10%的反应时间（RT；plin =.0002）、最短 RT（plog =.0010）和最慢的 10%的倒数 RT（plog =.0124）随着重复施测而增加，而假启动（plog = 0.0050）随着重复施测而减少，这共同降低了 RT 变异性（plog =.0010）。然而，观察到的绝对变化很小（例如，每次施测减少 0.03 个假启动，线性拟合），在实践中可能无关紧要。测试施测间隔并未改变重复施测对 PVT-B 表现的影响（所有交互项 p >.13）。重要的是，最常用于 PVT 的均值和中位数 RT、反应速度和失误率并没有随着重复施测而系统地变化。
PVT-B 在重复施测中表现稳定。结合其高敏感性，这证实了 PVT 作为睡眠剥夺和昼夜节律紊乱神经行为影响的事实上的黄金标准测量工具的地位。
