Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Mar 1;213:230-255. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.028. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
The medicinal plant Morinda officinalisHow. (MO) and its root have long been used in traditional medicines in China and northeast Asia as tonics for nourishing the kidney, strengthening the bone and enhancing immunofunction in the treatment of impotence, osteoporosis, depression and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and dermatitis.
This review aims to sum up updated and comprehensive information about traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of MO and provide insights into potential opportunities for future research and development of this plant.
A bibliographic investigation was performed by analyzing the information available on MO in the internationally accepted scientific databases including Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Yahoo, Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations in Chinese. Information was also obtained from some local and foreign books on ethnobotany and ethnomedicines.
The literature supported the ethnomedicinal uses of MO as recorded in China for various purposes. The ethnomedical uses of MO have been recorded in many regions of China. More than 100 chemical compounds have been isolated from this plant, and the major constituents have been found to be polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, anthraquinones and iridoid glycosides. Crude extracts and pure compounds of this plant are used as effective agents in the treatment of depression, osteoporosis, fatigue, rheumatoid arthritis, and infertility due to their anti-depressant, anti-osteoporosis, pro-fertility, anti-radiation, anti-Alzheimer disease, anti-rheumatoid, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, cardiovascularprotective, anti-oxidation, immune-regulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the main components of MO including monotropein and deacetyl asperulosidic acid are distributed in various organs and tissues. The investigation on acute toxicity and genotoxicity indicated that MO is nontoxic. There have no reports on significant adverse effect at a normal dose in clinical application, but MO at dose of more than 1000mg/kg may cause irritability, insomnia and unpleasant sensations in individual cases.
MO has emerged as a good source of traditional medicines. Some uses of this plant in traditional medicines have been validated by pharmacological investigations. However, the molecular mechanism, structure-activity relationship, and potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of its multi-components such as polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, anthraquinones and iridoid glycosides need to be further elucidated, and the structural feature of polysaccharides also need to be further clarified. Sophisticated analytical technologies should be developed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of MO based on HPLC-fingerprint and content determination of the active constituents, knowing that these investigations will help further utilize this plant.
药用植物巴戟天（Morinda officinalisHow.）及其根在中国和东北亚的传统医学中一直被用作补肾、强骨和增强免疫功能的补品，用于治疗阳痿、骨质疏松症、抑郁症和类风湿性关节炎、皮炎等炎症性疾病。
本综述旨在总结巴戟天的传统用途、植物化学、药理学和毒理学方面的最新和综合信息，并为该植物的未来研究和开发提供思路。
通过分析国际公认的科学数据库（包括 Pubmed、Scopus 和 Web of Science、SciFinder、Google Scholar、Yahoo、中文博士和硕士论文）中关于巴戟天的信息，对巴戟天进行了文献调查。还从一些关于民族植物学和民族医学的本地和外国书籍中获取了信息。
文献支持巴戟天在中国的各种用途的民族医学用途，如记录的那样。在中国的许多地区都有关于巴戟天的民族医学用途的记录。从这种植物中分离出了 100 多种化合物，主要成分被发现是多糖、寡糖、蒽醌和环烯醚萜糖苷。由于其抗抑郁、抗骨质疏松、促生育、抗辐射、抗阿尔茨海默病、抗类风湿、抗疲劳、抗衰老、心血管保护、抗氧化、免疫调节和抗炎活性，该植物的粗提取物和纯化合物被用作治疗抑郁症、骨质疏松症、疲劳、类风湿关节炎和不孕的有效药物。药代动力学研究表明，巴戟天的主要成分包括莫诺托品和去乙酰asperulosidic 酸分布在各种器官和组织中。急性毒性和遗传毒性的研究表明，巴戟天无毒。在临床应用中，正常剂量下没有报告明显的不良反应，但在 1000mg/kg 以上剂量时，个别病例可能会出现烦躁、失眠和不愉快的感觉。
巴戟天已成为传统药物的良好来源。该植物在传统药物中的一些用途已通过药理学研究得到验证。然而，其多糖、寡糖、蒽醌和环烯醚萜糖苷等多种成分的分子机制、构效关系以及潜在的协同和拮抗作用需要进一步阐明，多糖的结构特征也需要进一步阐明。应开发复杂的分析技术，通过 HPLC 指纹图谱和活性成分含量测定，对巴戟天的质量进行综合评价，因为这些研究将有助于进一步利用该植物。
