Wiemers Elizabeth A, Redick Thomas S
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, United States.
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, United States.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2018 Jan;182:21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Two datasets of 110 young adults were examined to investigate the relationship between individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) and dynamic cognitive control. The results delve into the specific differences between high- and low-WMC individuals' ability to enact and maintain cognitive control using the AX version of the continuous performance test (AX-CPT). Compared to high-WMC individuals, low-WMC individuals: (a) made more errors, specifically to AX targets; (b) exhibited a partial shift to proactive control with more time-on-task; (c) had more exaggerated slower AX target responses in the tail of the response time distribution; and (d) were equally likely to adjust control after conflict. These results fit with the dual mechanisms of cognitive control theory and goal-maintenance account, and further clarify how individual differences in WMC manifests as intra-individual variability in cognitive control.
研究人员对两组各110名年轻成年人的数据集进行了检测，以探究工作记忆容量（WMC）的个体差异与动态认知控制之间的关系。研究结果深入探讨了高WMC个体与低WMC个体在使用连续性能测试的AX版本（AX-CPT）来实施和维持认知控制能力上的具体差异。与高WMC个体相比，低WMC个体：（a）犯的错误更多，尤其是针对AX目标的错误；（b）随着任务时间的增加，表现出向主动控制的部分转变；（c）在反应时间分布的尾部，AX目标反应的速度更慢且更为夸张；（d）在冲突后同样有可能调整控制。这些结果符合认知控制理论的双重机制和目标维持理论，并进一步阐明了WMC的个体差异如何表现为认知控制中的个体内变异性。
