Universidade da Coruña, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
Universidade da Coruña, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Feb;148:593-600. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.004. Epub 2017 Nov 9.
The need to carry out monitoring programs for environmental pollution of coastal ecosystems makes it necessary to increase the number of indicator species in order to have a wide range of suitable organisms for most of the possible toxic substances and ways of exposure. With the purpose of analyzing the suitability of limpets (Patella spp.) for their use in biomonitoring programs, a literature review was performed on 88 cases found in the Web of Science online platform. The capacity of limpets to accumulate metals and hydrocarbons has been examined in several field studies. In most cases there is a clear relationship between body content of a pollutant in soft tissues of limpets and the corresponding environmental level. Likewise, different responses to pollutants have been reported in limpets, including induction of DNA damage, induction of metallothioneins, oxidative stress, decrease of Neutral Red retention or variations in heart rate. Regarding the study of changes in community structure, an uneven response to disturbances (e.g. oil spills, wastewater discharge) by species of the genus Patella has been documented. Moreover, generally limpets respond to pollutants similarly to, or even more effectively than, mussels; therefore, their inclusion as sentinel organisms in regional monitoring plans seems appropriate.
为了对沿海生态系统的环境污染进行监测，有必要增加指示物种的数量，以便对大多数可能的有毒物质和暴露方式有广泛的适用生物。为了分析石鳖（Patella spp.）在生物监测计划中的适用性，对 Web of Science 在线平台上发现的 88 个案例进行了文献综述。在几项实地研究中，已经研究了石鳖积累金属和碳氢化合物的能力。在大多数情况下，石鳖软组织结构中污染物的含量与相应的环境水平之间存在明显的关系。同样，在石鳖中也报告了对污染物的不同反应，包括 DNA 损伤的诱导、金属硫蛋白的诱导、氧化应激、中性红保留率降低或心率变化。关于群落结构变化的研究，已经记录了属 Patella 的物种对干扰（例如，石油泄漏、废水排放）的不均匀反应。此外，一般来说，石鳖对污染物的反应与贻贝相似，甚至比贻贝更有效；因此，将它们纳入区域监测计划中的哨兵生物似乎是合适的。
