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Addiction. 2018 May;113(5):952-957. doi: 10.1111/add.14100. Epub 2018 Jan 15.
Research on Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome has prompted discussion over how to ensure best outcomes for pregnant women who use drugs and for drug-dependent newborns. Before Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and the 1980s panic of "crack babies," turn-of-the-century American medical journals discussed infants born to drug-using mothers. This paper aimed to determine whether women who used drugs while pregnant in early twentieth-century America were subject to the stigma many face today.
Records from early twentieth century medical journals, narcotic maintenance clinics, prisons that held drug users, and conferences on narcotics were examined. Dr. Charles Terry's outspokenness on drug addiction and pregnancy merited closer examination of his work, particularly The Opium Problem.
Some physicians saw drug-dependent newborns as scientific proof that addiction was a physiological disease and not subject to questions of morality. This theory was discarded in the 1920s. In that decade, beliefs that children born to drug-using parents threatened national well-being proliferated. Following formal medicine's retreat from addiction treatment, research on drug addiction and pregnancy fell into obscurity until decades later.
The precedent that women who use drugs while pregnant deserve humane treatment extends to the early twentieth century in the US. From 1910 to 1930, perceptions of infants of drug-using women changed from hopeful to fearful.
对新生儿戒断综合征的研究引发了如何确保吸毒孕妇和药物依赖新生儿获得最佳结果的讨论。在新生儿戒断综合征和 20 世纪 80 年代“可卡因婴儿”恐慌之前，20 世纪初的美国医学期刊就讨论过吸毒母亲所生的婴儿。本文旨在确定 20 世纪初美国的吸毒孕妇是否像今天许多人那样受到污名化。
本研究查阅了 20 世纪初医学期刊、麻醉品维持诊所、关押吸毒者的监狱和麻醉品会议的记录。查尔斯·特里博士（Charles Terry）对毒瘾和怀孕问题直言不讳，因此对他的作品，尤其是《鸦片问题》（The Opium Problem），进行了更深入的研究。
一些医生认为药物依赖的新生儿是成瘾是一种生理疾病而不是道德问题的科学证据。这一理论在 20 世纪 20 年代被摒弃。在这十年中，越来越多的人认为，吸毒父母所生的孩子威胁到国家的福祉。在正规医学放弃对成瘾的治疗后，对药物成瘾和怀孕的研究陷入了沉寂，直到几十年后才重新出现。
在美国，从 20 世纪初开始，就有先例表明，吸毒孕妇应该得到人道待遇。从 1910 年到 1930 年，人们对吸毒母亲所生婴儿的看法从充满希望变成了恐惧。
