Applegate Rory, Olin Shelly, Sabatino Bethany
From the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (R.A., S.O.); and Affiliated Veterinary Specialists, Gainesville, Florida (B.S.).
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2018 Jan/Feb;54(1):22-29. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6524. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of acquired urinary incontinence in dogs. The pathogenesis of USMI is multifactorial and complex. Studies have shown variable results regarding the effects and timing of sterilization on the incidence of USMI. Diagnosis of USMI is often based on history, physical examination, and elimination of other differentials. Treatment options for USMI include medications, such as α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products, minimally-invasive urethral bulking procedures, surgical procedures (e.g., indwelling urethral occluders), or combination therapy. The overall prognosis for USMI is typically fair to good with long-term therapy.
尿道括约肌功能不全（USMI）是犬后天性尿失禁最常见的原因。USMI的发病机制是多因素且复杂的。关于绝育对USMI发病率的影响及时间，研究结果不一。USMI的诊断通常基于病史、体格检查以及排除其他鉴别诊断。USMI的治疗选择包括药物治疗，如α-肾上腺素能药物和雌激素产品、微创尿道填充手术、外科手术（如留置尿道阻塞器）或联合治疗。通过长期治疗，USMI的总体预后通常尚可。
