Management of Major Vascular Injuries: Neck, Extremities, and Other Things that Bleed.

Vascular injuries represent a significant burden of mortality and disability. Blunt injuries to the neck vessels can present with signs of stroke either immediately or in a delayed fashion. Most injuries are detected with computed tomography angiography and managed with either antiplatelet medications or anticoagulation. In contrast, patients with penetrating injuries to the neck vessels require airway management, hemorrhage control, and damage control resuscitation before surgical repair. The keys to diagnosis and management of peripheral vascular injury include early recognition of the injury; hemorrhage control with direct pressure, packing, or tourniquets; and urgent surgical consultation.