Danielson Melissa L, Visser Susanna N, Chronis-Tuscano Andrea, DuPaul George J
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
J Pediatr. 2018 Jan;192:240-246.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.040. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
To characterize lifetime and current rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatments among US children and adolescents with current ADHD and describe the association of these treatments with demographic and clinical factors.
Data are from the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome, a follow-back survey of parents from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Weighted analyses focused on receipt of ADHD treatment among children aged 4-17 years with current ADHD (n = 2495) by 4 treatment types: medication, school supports, psychosocial interventions, and alternative treatments.
Medication and school supports were the most common treatments received, with two-thirds of children and adolescents with ADHD currently receiving each treatment. Social skills training was the most common psychosocial treatment ever received (39%), followed by parent training (31%), peer intervention (30%), and cognitive behavioral therapy (20%). Among alternative treatments, 9% were currently taking dietary supplements, and 11% had ever received neurofeedback. Most children (67%) had received at least 2 of the following: current medication treatment, current school supports, or lifetime psychosocial treatment; 7% had received none of these 3 treatment types.
A majority of school-aged children and adolescents with ADHD received medication treatment and school supports, whereas fewer received recommended psychosocial interventions. Efforts to increase access to psychosocial treatments may help close gaps in service use by groups currently less likely to receive treatment, which is important to ensure that the millions of school-aged US children diagnosed with ADHD receive quality treatment.
描述美国患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童和青少年一生中及当前接受ADHD治疗的比例，并描述这些治疗与人口统计学和临床因素之间的关联。
数据来自2014年ADHD与抽动秽语综合征诊断和治疗全国调查，这是一项对2011 - 2012年全国儿童健康调查中家长的回访调查。加权分析聚焦于4 - 17岁患有当前ADHD的儿童（n = 2495）接受的4种治疗类型的ADHD治疗情况：药物治疗、学校支持、心理社会干预和替代治疗。
药物治疗和学校支持是最常接受的治疗方式，三分之二患有ADHD的儿童和青少年目前正在接受这两种治疗。社交技能训练是最常接受的心理社会治疗（39%），其次是家长培训（31%）、同伴干预（30%）和认知行为疗法（20%）。在替代治疗中，9%的儿童目前正在服用膳食补充剂，11%的儿童曾接受过神经反馈治疗。大多数儿童（67%）接受过以下至少两种治疗：当前药物治疗、当前学校支持或一生中的心理社会治疗；7%的儿童未接受过这三种治疗类型中的任何一种。
大多数患有ADHD的学龄儿童和青少年接受了药物治疗和学校支持，而接受推荐的心理社会干预的儿童较少。努力增加心理社会治疗的可及性可能有助于缩小目前较少接受治疗群体在服务使用方面的差距，这对于确保数百万被诊断患有ADHD的美国学龄儿童获得高质量治疗非常重要。
