Capability of Secale montanum trusted for phytoremediation of lead and cadmium in soils amended with nano-silica and municipal solid waste compost.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of Secale montanum trusted for phytoremediation of contaminated soils with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). To conduct this study, soil samples were taken from contaminated rangelands soils around National Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan, Iran. In this study, which was performed in a greenhouse, after preparing the pot and treating soils with nano-silica (NS) and municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) amendments, 20 Secale seeds were cultured in each pot. The translocation factor (TF), the bio-concentration factor (BCF), and remediation factor (RF) were calculated to determine the phytoremediation capability of Secale. Six months after establishment, plant organs were harvested and Pb and Cd concentrations were measured in shoot and roots of Secale. For statistical analysis and to compare the obtained means, ANOVA and Tukey's tests were performed, respectively. The pot experiment results showed that Pb uptake and accumulation by roots of S. montanum were highest in pots amended with NS500. In comparison, Pb concentration in shoots of Secale was highest in pots amended with MSWC 2%. In general, it seems that NS500 and MSWC 2% help phytoremediation capability of Secale in the Pb-contaminated soils.