McGowan Patrick O, Matthews Stephen G
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Endocrinology. 2018 Jan 1;159(1):69-82. doi: 10.1210/en.2017-00896.
The early environment has a major impact on the developing embryo, fetus, and infant. Parental adversity (maternal and paternal) and glucocorticoid exposure before conception and during pregnancy have profound effects on the development and subsequent function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and related behaviors. These effects are species-, sex-, and age-specific and depend on the timing and duration of exposure. The impact of these early exposures can extend across multiple generations, via both the maternal and paternal lineage, and recent studies have begun to determine the mechanisms by which this occurs. Improved knowledge of the mechanisms by which adversity and glucocorticoids program stress systems will allow development of strategies to ameliorate and/or reverse these long-term effects.
早期环境对发育中的胚胎、胎儿和婴儿有重大影响。孕前及孕期父母所面临的逆境（包括母亲和父亲）以及糖皮质激素暴露，会对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的发育及后续功能以及相关行为产生深远影响。这些影响具有物种、性别和年龄特异性，且取决于暴露的时间和持续时间。这些早期暴露的影响可通过母系和父系谱系跨多代延续，最近的研究已开始确定其发生机制。深入了解逆境和糖皮质激素对应激系统进行编程的机制，将有助于制定改善和/或逆转这些长期影响的策略。
