HRB Clinical Research Facility Cork.
School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Feb 1;47(1):131-145. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyx221.
Neonatal body composition likely mediates fetal influences on life long chronic disease risk. A better understanding of how maternal lifestyle is related to newborn body composition could thus inform intervention efforts.
Using Cork participant data (n = 1754) from the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) cohort study [ECM5(10)05/02/08], we estimated how pre-pregnancy body size, gestational weight gain, exercise, alcohol, smoking and diet were related to neonatal fat and fat-free mass, as well as length and gestational age at birth, using quantile regression. Maternal factors were measured by a trained research midwife at 15 gestational weeks, in addition to a 3rd trimester weight measurement used to calculate weight gain. Infant body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography.
Healthy (versus excess) gestational weight gain was associated with lower median fat-free mass [-112 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): -47 to -176) and fat mass (-33 g, 95% CI: -1 to -65) in the offspring; and a 103 g decrease in the 95th centile of fat mass (95% CI: -33 to -174). Maternal normal weight status (versus obesity) was associated with lower median fat mass (-48 g, 95% CI: -12 to -84). At the highest centiles, fat mass was lower among infants of women who engaged in frequent moderate-intensity exercise early in the pregnancy (-92 g at the 95th centile, 95% CI: -168 to -16). Lastly, women who never smoked tended to have longer babies with more fat mass and fat-free mass. No other lifestyle factors were strongly related to infant body composition.
These results suggest that supporting healthy maternal lifestyles could reduce the risk of excess fat accumulation in the offspring, without adversely affecting fat-free mass development, length or gestational age.
新生儿的身体成分可能会影响胎儿一生患慢性疾病的风险。因此，更好地了解母体生活方式与新生儿身体成分的关系，可以为干预措施提供信息。
我们使用 Cork 参与者数据（n=1754），这些数据来自 Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints（SCOPE）队列研究[ECM5(10)05/02/08]，使用分位数回归来估计孕前体型、孕期体重增加、运动、饮酒、吸烟和饮食与新生儿脂肪和去脂体重、出生时的身长和胎龄之间的关系。除了用于计算体重增加的孕晚期体重测量外，还由经过培训的研究助产士在妊娠 15 周时测量母体因素。使用空气置换体描法测量婴儿的身体成分。
健康（而非超重）的孕期体重增加与后代较低的中位数去脂体重[-112 g，95%置信区间（CI）：-47 至-176]和脂肪量[-33 g，95%CI：-1 至-65]相关；第 95 百分位数的脂肪量减少了 103 g（95%CI：-33 至-174）。与肥胖相比，母亲正常体重状态与较低的中位数脂肪量相关（-48 g，95%CI：-12 至-84）。在最高百分位数中，孕早期经常进行中等强度运动的女性所生婴儿的脂肪量较低（第 95 百分位数低 92 g，95%CI：-168 至-16）。最后，从不吸烟的女性所生婴儿往往更长，脂肪量和去脂体重更多。其他生活方式因素与婴儿的身体成分没有很强的关系。
这些结果表明，支持健康的母体生活方式可以降低后代脂肪过度积累的风险，而不会对去脂体重发育、身长或胎龄产生不利影响。
