Strobel Anneli, Schmid Peter, Burkhardt-Holm Patricia, Segner Helmut, Zennegg Markus
University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Programme Man-Society-Environment MGU, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland.
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Chemosphere. 2018 Feb;193:213-222. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.020. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
It has been suggested that High-Antarctic waters, despite their remoteness from human activities, are impacted by anthropogenic pollution, and that the local biota are accumulating the contaminants. At present, no data exist on persistent organic pollutant (POP) body burdens for notothenioid fish inhabiting the High-Antarctic Weddell Sea. We determined the pollutant load in white muscle tissue of red- and white-blooded notothenoids from the Weddell Sea (Trematomus loennbergii and Chionodraco hamatus, respectively), and compared them to our previous measurements of POPs in Low-Antarctic notothenioids. Analytes included various organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (indicator (i) PCBs, dioxine-like (dl) PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The analytical concentrations were converted into 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQs). Compared to T. loennbergii, C. hamatus had lower levels of β-HCH (0.45 vs. 4.5 ng g lipid weight), and Σ iPCBs (30 vs. 39 ng g lipid weight), as well as lower levels of Σ PBDEs (131 vs. 261 ng g fresh weight). POP body burdens and TEQs were mostly similar to those of Low-Antarctic notothenioids analysed previously, and not related to the trophic positions of the species. The variations in POP levels between and within High- and Low-Antarctic notothenioids only marginally corresponded to sampling site, ecological differences or trophic levels of the species, and might rather be related to metabolism or age effects. The present findings suggest that fishes of High-Antarctic waters, although this area is more remote and less influenced by local human activities, do not show lower POP body burdens than fishes from Low-Antarctic waters.
有人认为，尽管南极高纬度海域远离人类活动，但仍受到人为污染的影响，当地生物群正在积累这些污染物。目前，关于栖息在南极高纬度威德尔海的南极鱼科鱼类体内持久性有机污染物（POP）的负荷尚无数据。我们测定了来自威德尔海的红血和白血南极鱼科鱼类（分别为隆氏南极鱼和南极长吻鱼）白色肌肉组织中的污染物负荷，并将其与我们之前对南极低纬度南极鱼科鱼类体内POPs的测量结果进行了比较。分析物包括各种有机氯农药（OCPs）、多氯联苯（指示性（i）PCBs、二恶英类（dl）PCBs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）。分析浓度被转换为2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二恶英毒性当量（TEQs）。与隆氏南极鱼相比，南极长吻鱼的β-六氯环己烷水平较低（0.45对4.5 ng/g脂质重量），指示性多氯联苯总量较低（30对39 ng/g脂质重量），多溴二苯醚总量也较低（131对261 ng/g鲜重）。POPs体内负荷和TEQs大多与之前分析的南极低纬度南极鱼科鱼类相似，且与物种的营养级无关。南极高纬度和低纬度南极鱼科鱼类之间以及内部POP水平的变化仅与采样地点、生态差异或物种的营养级略有对应，可能更多地与新陈代谢或年龄效应有关。目前的研究结果表明，南极高纬度海域的鱼类，尽管该地区更偏远且受当地人类活动影响较小，但其体内POPs的负荷并不低于南极低纬度海域的鱼类。
