CSIRO Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia; Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group (GARSA), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
CSIRO Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Waite Road, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia.
Talanta. 2018 Feb 1;178:400-409. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.106. Epub 2017 Sep 19.
We examined the feasibility of using handheld mid-infrared (MIR) Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) instrumentation for detecting and analysing cyanide (CN) contamination in field contaminated soils. Cyanide spiking experiments were first carried out, in the laboratory, to test the sensitivity of infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectrometry to ferro- and ferricyanide compounds across a range of reference soils and minerals. Both benchtop and handheld diffuse reflectance infrared spectrometers were tested. Excellent results were obtained for the reference soils and minerals, with the MIR outperforming the near-infrared (NIR) range. Spectral peaks characteristic of the -C≡N group were observed near 2062 and 2118cm in the MIR region for the ferro- and ferricyanide compounds spiked into soils/minerals, respectively. In the NIR region such peaks were observed near 4134 and 4220cm. Cyanide-contaminated samples were then collected in the field and analyzed with the two spectrometers to further test the applicability of the DRIFT technique for soils containing aged CN residues. The prediction of total CN in dry and ground contaminated soils using the handheld MIR instrument resulted in a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.88-0.98 and root mean square error of the cross-validation (RMSE) of 21-49mgkg for a CN range of 0-611mgkg. A major peak was observed in the MIR at about 2092cm which was attributed to "Prussian Blue" (Fe[Fe(CN)]·xHO). These results demonstrate the potential of handheld DRIFT instrumentation as a promising alternative to the standard laboratory method to predict CN concentrations in contaminated field soils.
我们研究了使用手持中红外（MIR）傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）仪器检测和分析现场污染土壤中氰化物（CN）污染的可行性。首先在实验室中进行了氰化物加标实验，以测试红外傅里叶变换（DRIFT）光谱法对一系列参考土壤和矿物质中铁氰化物和亚铁氰化物化合物的灵敏度。我们测试了台式和手持漫反射红外光谱仪。对于参考土壤和矿物质，MIR 表现优于近红外（NIR）范围，结果非常出色。在 MIR 区域中，观察到铁氰化物和亚铁氰化物化合物分别加标到土壤/矿物质中，-C≡N 基团的特征光谱峰出现在 2062 和 2118cm 附近。在 NIR 区域，这些峰出现在 4134 和 4220cm 附近。然后，在现场采集了受污染的氰化物样品，并使用两种光谱仪对其进行分析，以进一步测试 DRIFT 技术在含有老化 CN 残留的土壤中的适用性。使用手持 MIR 仪器对干燥和研磨的受污染土壤中的总 CN 进行预测，结果得到 0.88-0.98 的决定系数（R）和 21-49mgkg 的交叉验证均方根误差（RMSE），CN 范围为 0-611mgkg。在 MIR 中观察到大约 2092cm 的主要峰，归因于“普鲁士蓝”（Fe[Fe(CN)]·xH2O）。这些结果表明，手持 DRIFT 仪器具有作为预测污染田间土壤中 CN 浓度的标准实验室方法的有前途的替代方法的潜力。
