Fully Integrated Ultrathin Solid Immersion Grating Microspectrometer for Handheld Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Applications.

Despite advances in microfabrication, compact spectrometers still face challenges in shrinking their size without sacrificing optical performance. Here,  the solid immersion grating microspectrometer (SIG-µSPEC) for high spectral resolution in a broad operational wavelength range is reported. The spectroscopic module incorporates a silicon microslit, index-matched lens, plane mirrors, solid immersion grating (SIG), and a CMOS line sensor within a small form factor. The SIG facilitates high angular dispersion of light on a planar focal plane, resulting in an average spectral resolution of 5.8 nm, with over 76% maximum sensitivity from 400 to 800 nm. SIG-µSPEC measures the spectral reflectance of fruits at different ripening stages, clearly revealing changes in the chlorophyll absorption band. The measured spectrum is further utilized for the precise prediction of the soluble solid content (SSC) levels, achieving a high correlation (R = 0.91) and a ratio of prediction-to-deviation of 2.36. This compact microspectrometer holds the potential for precise and non-invasive spectral analysis across point-of-care fields.