Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UNITED KINGDOM.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Apr;50(4):739-746. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001497.
Few studies have examined the psychological and psychophysiological effects of recuperative music after exhaustive exercise. The main purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of two music conditions compared with a no-music control on psychological and psychophysiological recovery processes after exercise.
A randomized, fully counterbalanced, crossover design was used. Core affect, salivary cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured before exhaustive exercise, immediately after, and in 10-, 20-, and 30-min intervals during passive recovery (21 women and 21 men; 20.9 ± 1.7 yr) over three separate trials (slow, sedative music; fast, stimulative music; no-music control). The exercise task entailed incremental cycle ergometry performed at 75 rpm with an increase in intensity of 22.5 W·min at the end of each minute until exhaustion. Data were analyzed using mixed-model 3 (condition) × 4 (time) × 2 (gender) MANOVA/ANCOVA.
The largest decline in affective arousal between active and passive recovery phases was evident in the slow, sedative condition (ηp = 0.50). Women had a more pronounced reduction in arousal than did men in the slow, sedative music condition. Heart rate measures showed that fast, stimulative music inhibited the return of heart rate toward resting levels (ηp = 0.06). Similarly, salivary cortisol levels tended to be lower in response to slow, sedative music (ηp = 0.11). There was a main effect of condition for affective valence indicating that the slow, sedative condition elicited more positive affective responses compared with the control and fast, stimulative conditions (ηp = 0.12).
The present findings support the notion that slow, sedative music can expedite the recovery process immediately after strenuous exercise.
很少有研究探讨过恢复性音乐在剧烈运动后的心理和心理生理影响。本研究的主要目的是检验两种音乐条件与无音乐对照在运动后心理和心理生理恢复过程中的影响。
采用随机、完全平衡、交叉设计。在三次单独试验中（慢节奏、镇静音乐；快节奏、刺激音乐；无音乐对照），在 30 分钟的被动恢复期内（21 名女性和 21 名男性；20.9±1.7 岁），在剧烈运动前、运动后即刻以及 10、20 和 30 分钟时测量核心情感、唾液皮质醇、心率和血压。运动任务包括以 75rpm 的速度递增式自行车测功机，每分钟结束时增加 22.5W·min 的强度，直到力竭。使用混合模型 3（条件）×4（时间）×2（性别）MANOVA/ANCOVA 分析数据。
在主动和被动恢复阶段，情感唤醒的最大下降出现在慢节奏、镇静条件下（ηp=0.50）。在慢节奏、镇静音乐条件下，女性的唤醒程度比男性更为明显。心率测量结果表明，快节奏、刺激音乐抑制了心率向静息水平的恢复（ηp=0.06）。同样，唾液皮质醇水平在对慢节奏、镇静音乐的反应中也倾向于较低（ηp=0.11）。条件对情感效价有主要影响，表明与对照和快节奏、刺激条件相比，慢节奏、镇静条件引起了更积极的情感反应（ηp=0.12）。
本研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即慢节奏、镇静音乐可以加速剧烈运动后的恢复过程。
