Gurcan Kahraman, Demirel Fatih, Tekin Mehmet, Demirel Serap, Akar Taner
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Igdır University, Igdır, Turkey.
BMC Plant Biol. 2017 Nov 14;17(Suppl 1):171. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-1133-0.
Turkey is one of the important gene centers for many crop species. In this research, some ancient wheats such as tetraploid and diploid hulled wheats together with hexaploid tir wheats (Triticum aestivum ssp. leucospermum Korn.) landraces mainly adapted to harsh winter conditions of Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey were characterized at agro-morphological and molecular level. Totally 50 hulled wheat population from Kastamonu, Konya and Kayseri provinces and 15 tir wheats from Kars provinces of Turkey were in-situ collected for characterization in 2013. Some quantitative and qualitative traits of each population were determined.
Twenty three hulled wheat population collected from Kastamonu province were distinguished into nine emmer and 14 einkorn wheats at morphological level. Additionally, Konya, Kayseri and Kars population were characterized as einkorn, emmer and tir wheat, respectively. Among the evaluated traits, protein ratios of hulled wheats were strikingly higher than registered cultivars. All the populations were also examined by molecular level by using fluorescently labelled 11 polymorphic SSRs primers. The primers exhibited 104 bands, ranging from 6 to 16 with a mean value 9.45 per loci. The clustering analysis separated the germplasm into two clusters which were also divided into two subclusters based on genetic similarity coefficient. Sixty-five population and five checks were analyzed to estimate mean number of alleles (N), expected and observed heterozygoties (He and Ho), polymorphism information content (PIC), Wright fix index (F), genetic deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectation (Fit-Fis) and genetic variation (Fst) were determined as 9.45, 0.71, 0.07, 0.67, 0.90, 0.39, 0.87 and 0.39, respectively. A clear genetic deviation from Hardy - Weinberg expectation was observed among population in particular. These results showed considerable genetic variation among landraces rather than within population.
These molecular information has revealed genetically diverse einkorn, emmer wheat and tir wheat population could be used as parents for further breeding studies in both Turkey and abroad. Furthermore, the molecular analysis has also generally discriminated the germplasm into ploidy level.
土耳其是许多作物物种的重要基因中心之一。在本研究中，对一些古老的小麦品种，如四倍体和二倍体带壳小麦，以及主要适应土耳其东安纳托利亚地区严酷冬季条件的六倍体提尔小麦（Triticum aestivum ssp. leucospermum Korn.）地方品种，在农艺形态和分子水平上进行了特征分析。2013年，从卡斯塔莫努省、科尼亚省和开塞利省共原位收集了50个带壳小麦群体，从土耳其卡尔斯省收集了15个提尔小麦群体用于特征分析。测定了每个群体的一些数量和质量性状。
从卡斯塔莫努省收集的23个带壳小麦群体在形态水平上被分为9个二粒小麦和14个一粒小麦。此外，科尼亚、开塞利和卡尔斯群体分别被鉴定为一粒小麦、二粒小麦和提尔小麦。在所评估的性状中，带壳小麦的蛋白质比率明显高于登记品种。还使用荧光标记的11个多态性SSR引物在分子水平上对所有群体进行了检测。这些引物共产生了104条带，每个位点的条带数在6至16条之间，平均值为9.45条。聚类分析将种质分为两个聚类，根据遗传相似系数，这两个聚类又各自分为两个亚聚类。对65个群体和5个对照进行分析，以估计等位基因平均数（N）、预期和观察到的杂合度（He和Ho）、多态性信息含量（PIC）、赖特固定指数（F）、偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡的遗传偏差（Fit-Fis）和遗传变异（Fst），其值分别为9.45、0.71、0.07、0.67、0.90、0.39、0.87和0.39。尤其在群体之间观察到明显偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡的遗传偏差。这些结果表明，地方品种之间存在相当大的遗传变异，而群体内部的遗传变异较小。
这些分子信息表明，遗传多样的一粒小麦、二粒小麦和提尔小麦群体可作为土耳其国内外进一步育种研究的亲本。此外，分子分析通常也能将种质按倍性水平区分开来。
