Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
Emergency Medical Center, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Toxins (Basel). 2017 Nov 17;9(11):373. doi: 10.3390/toxins9110373.
, a colubrid snake distributed throughout the continent of Asia, has recently undergone taxonomic revisions. Previously, was classified as a subspecies of (Yamakagashi) until 2012, when several genetic differences were discovered which classified this snake as its own species. To elucidate the toxicity of venom from this poorly studied colubrid, various biological activities were compared between the venom from the two snake species. The components of their venom were compared by the elution profiles of reversed-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE, and gel filtrated fractions were tested for effects on blood coagulation. Proteolytic activities of these fractions were also assayed by using synthetic substrates, fibrinogen, and matrix proteins. Similar to the venom, the higher molecular weight fraction of venom contained a prothrombin activator. Both prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of human plasma were shortened by the addition of and venom. The thrombin formation was estimated by the uses of SDS-PAGE and chromogenic substrates. These venom fractions also possessed very specific proteinase activity on human fibrinogen, but the substrates for matrix metalloproteinase, such as collagen and laminin, were not hydrolyzed. However, there were some notable differences in reactivity to synthetic substrates for matrix metalloproteinase, and venom possessed relatively higher activity. Our chemical investigation indicates that the components included in both venoms resemble each other closely. However, the ratio of components and proteolytic activity of some ingredients are slightly different, indicating differences between two closely-related snakes.
亚洲大陆分布的游蛇科的一员，最近经历了分类学修订。在此之前，被归类为（山烙铁头蛇）的亚种，直到 2012 年，发现了一些遗传差异，将这种蛇归类为其自身的物种。为了阐明这种研究甚少的游蛇科蛇毒的毒性，比较了这两种蛇的毒液的各种生物活性。通过反相 HPLC 和 SDS-PAGE 的洗脱图谱比较了它们毒液的成分，并测试凝胶过滤部分对血液凝固的影响。还使用合成底物、纤维蛋白原和基质蛋白测定了这些部分的蛋白水解活性。与蛇毒相似，蛇毒的高分子量部分含有凝血酶原激活剂。添加蛇毒和蛇毒均缩短了人血浆的凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）。通过 SDS-PAGE 和显色底物估计了凝血酶的形成。这些蛇毒部分对人纤维蛋白原也具有非常特异的蛋白酶活性，但基质金属蛋白酶的底物，如胶原蛋白和层粘连蛋白，没有被水解。然而，对基质金属蛋白酶的合成底物的反应性存在一些显著差异，蛇毒具有相对较高的活性。我们的化学研究表明，两种毒液中包含的成分非常相似。然而，一些成分的比例和蛋白水解活性略有不同，表明两种密切相关的蛇之间存在差异。
