Crawford Fiona, Mackison Dionne, Mooney John D, Ellaway Anne
Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Glasgow, UK.
Department for International Development, London, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Nov 17;17(1):887. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4900-9.
The contemporary Scottish diet is unhealthy and a risk factor for poor health outcomes including obesity. Over a third of Scottish children are at risk of being overweight or obese, and there have been calls to strengthen the evidence base on the role of the food retail environment around schools in influencing the consumption of unhealthy foods.
We examined the food retail environment around five secondary schools in Glasgow city, Scotland. Trained fieldworkers observed the food purchasing behaviour of school pupils in local shops. Samples of the most popular foods were subsequently purchased by the research team and assessed for nutritional content, including energy, total and saturated fat, and salt. This was compared with the nutrient standards for school lunches established by the Scottish Government.
There was marked variation in the number of outlets identified within a 10 min walk from each school, ranging from five in the area with the lowest number of outlets to thirty in the area with the highest number of outlets. Outlets identified were heterogeneous and included fish and chip shops, kebab shops, convenience stores, newsagents, bakeries, mobile catering units, cafés, pizzerias, sandwich shops and supermarkets. Lunchtime offers and other marketing strategies targeting school pupils were observed at most outlets. Nutritional analysis of the 45 savoury food items purchased was conducted by laboratory staff. Of the foods analysed, 49% of the samples exceeded recommended calorie intake, 58% exceeded total fat recommendations and 64% exceeded saturated fat recommendations, 42% exceeded recommended salt levels. Over 80% of the 45 food items sampled did not comply with one of more of the nutrient standards for fat, saturated fat and salt. Meal deals and promotions of unhealthy foods aimed at pupils were widely available.
The majority of pupils purchased unhealthy convenience food of poor nutritional value at lunchtime in local shops around their school. Further effort is required to implement regulatory levers such as taxation on unhealthy foods, restriction on the concentration of outlets selling unhealthy foods as well as the development of partnerships and additional measures within and beyond schools to promote healthy foods.
当代苏格兰饮食不健康，是包括肥胖在内的不良健康结果的一个风险因素。超过三分之一的苏格兰儿童有超重或肥胖的风险，因此有人呼吁加强关于学校周边食品零售环境在影响不健康食品消费方面作用的证据基础。
我们对苏格兰格拉斯哥市的五所中学周边的食品零售环境进行了调查。训练有素的实地工作人员观察了学校学生在当地商店的食品购买行为。随后，研究团队购买了最受欢迎食品的样本，并对其营养成分进行评估，包括能量、总脂肪和饱和脂肪以及盐。将其与苏格兰政府制定的学校午餐营养标准进行比较。
从每所学校步行10分钟范围内确定的店铺数量有显著差异，从店铺数量最少地区的5家到店铺数量最多地区的30家不等。确定的店铺种类繁多，包括炸鱼薯条店、烤肉串店、便利店、报刊亭、面包店、流动餐饮车、咖啡馆、披萨店、三明治店和超市。大多数店铺都观察到针对学生的午餐优惠和其他营销策略。实验室工作人员对购买的45种咸味食品进行了营养分析。在分析的食品中，49%的样本超过了推荐的卡路里摄入量，58%超过了总脂肪推荐量，64%超过了饱和脂肪推荐量，42%超过了推荐的盐含量。在抽样的45种食品中，超过80%不符合脂肪、饱和脂肪和盐的一项或多项营养标准。针对学生的不健康食品套餐和促销活动随处可见。
大多数学生在学校周边当地商店午餐时间购买了营养价值低的不健康便利食品。需要进一步努力实施监管手段，如对不健康食品征税、限制销售不健康食品的店铺集中度，以及在学校内外建立伙伴关系并采取其他措施来推广健康食品。
