Tyrrell Rachel L, Greenhalgh Fiona, Hodgson Susan, Wills Wendy J, Mathers John C, Adamson Ashley J, Lake Amelia A
NSPCC, Centre for Early Child Development, Number One, Bickerstaffe Square, Blackpool, UK.
Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2017 Mar 1;39(1):95-104. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw019.
We aimed to identify and characterize the food environments from which young people obtain food and to explore associations between the type of food environment and food intakes.
Young people (n = 86, mean age 17 years; combined data of two sequential pilot studies (collected in 2008-09) and a study conducted in 2011-12) recorded in 4-day self-complete food diaries what food they consumed and where food was sourced. Nutrient, fruit and vegetable intake was calculated according to the source of food, categorized using a food environment classification tool.
Over 4 days, respondents sourced food from an average of 4.3 different food environments. Home food was used daily and was more favourable in terms of nutrient profile than out-of-home food. Food sourced from specialist outlets, convenience stores and retail bakers had the highest energy density. Food from retail bakers and 'takeaway and fast food' outlets were the richest sources of fat while vending machines and convenience stores had the highest percentage of energy from sugar.
This work provides details of 'where' young people obtain food and the nutritional consequences of choosing those food environments. While home food was a significant contributor to total dietary intake, food was obtained from a broad range of environments; particularly takeaway, fast food and education establishments.
我们旨在识别和描述年轻人获取食物的饮食环境，并探究饮食环境类型与食物摄入量之间的关联。
年轻人（n = 86，平均年龄17岁；两项连续试点研究（于2008 - 2009年收集）和一项于2011 - 2012年开展的研究的合并数据）在4天的自我填写食物日记中记录他们食用了什么食物以及食物的来源地。根据食物来源计算营养素、水果和蔬菜摄入量，并使用饮食环境分类工具进行分类。
在4天时间里，受访者平均从4.3个不同的饮食环境获取食物。家庭食物每天都有食用，就营养成分而言比外出就餐食物更有益。从专业商店、便利店和零售面包店获取的食物能量密度最高。零售面包店以及“外卖和快餐”店的食物是脂肪的最丰富来源，而自动售货机和便利店的食物中糖提供的能量百分比最高。
这项研究提供了年轻人“从哪里”获取食物的详细信息，以及选择这些饮食环境的营养后果。虽然家庭食物是总饮食摄入量的重要组成部分，但食物来自广泛的环境；特别是外卖、快餐和教育机构。
