Taher Ayyoub K, Ensaff Hannah, Evans Charlotte E L
Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Food and Nutrition Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
Prev Med Rep. 2020 May 28;19:101133. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101133. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Diet quality of children consuming school meals tends to be better than that of children consuming packed lunches (from home) or food bought outside school. This study investigates the association between different types of lunch consumed in a school day and diet quality of UK adolescents. A total of 2118 British adolescents were included from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Years 1-8; between 2008 and 2016). All participants attended school and were aged 11-18 years with valid 3 or 4-day diary records and the analyses were stratified by age group (11-14 and 15-18 years). The Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) tool consisting of three components; diet quality, diversity and equilibrium, was used to assess adherence to dietary recommendations. Overall DQI-A scores range from -33 to 100%. Overall mean DQI-A score for all adolescents was low at 21.1%. Fewer (17.4%) adolescents reported buying lunches from cafés and shops, compared to adolescents consuming cooked school meals and packed lunches (28.3% and 36.6%, respectively), and they had the lowest DQI-A% score of 14.8%. Adolescents having cooked school meals (reference group) had a higher overall DQI-A% of 21.8%. Diet quality scores of older adolescents having packed lunches and shop/café-bought lunches were 5.5% higher (CI 2.7 to 8.4%; p < 0.01) and 5.0% lower (CI 8.1 to 2.0%; p < 0.01) than cooked school meals respectively, after adjusting for gender, region, energy under-reporting and equivalised household income. For younger adolescents the results were attenuated particularly among packed lunch consumers. UK adolescents generally consume a poor quality diet and adolescents purchasing lunches from outside the school gates have the lowest quality diets. Unlike with older children there is little difference between school meals and packed lunches for younger children. Regulation policies on food outlets around secondary schools as well as improving food choices within school premises are needed.
食用学校餐食的儿童的饮食质量往往优于食用（从家里带来的）盒装午餐或在校外购买食物的儿童。本研究调查了英国青少年在上学日食用不同类型午餐与饮食质量之间的关联。共有2118名英国青少年被纳入全国饮食与营养调查（第1 - 8年；2008年至2016年期间）。所有参与者均上学，年龄在11 - 18岁之间，有有效的3天或4天饮食日记记录，且分析按年龄组（11 - 14岁和15 - 18岁）分层。青少年饮食质量指数（DQI - A）工具由三个部分组成：饮食质量、多样性和均衡性，用于评估对饮食建议的遵循情况。总体DQI - A分数范围为 - 33至100%。所有青少年的总体平均DQI - A分数较低，为21.1%。与食用学校烹制餐食和盒装午餐的青少年（分别为28.3%和36.6%）相比，较少（17.4%）的青少年报告从咖啡馆和商店购买午餐，且他们的DQI - A%分数最低，为14.8%。食用学校烹制餐食的青少年（参照组）的总体DQI - A%较高，为21.8%。在调整性别、地区、能量报告不足和家庭收入等值化因素后，年龄较大的食用盒装午餐和从商店/咖啡馆购买午餐的青少年的饮食质量分数分别比学校烹制餐食高5.5%（置信区间2.7至8.4%；p < 0.01）和低5.0%（置信区间8.1至2.0%；p < 0.01）。对于年龄较小的青少年，结果有所减弱，尤其是在盒装午餐消费者中。英国青少年的饮食质量普遍较差，在校门外购买午餐的青少年饮食质量最低。与年龄较大的儿童不同，年龄较小的儿童在学校餐食和盒装午餐之间差异不大。需要对中学周边的食品销售点制定监管政策，并改善校内的食物选择。
