Management of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression.

It is now well established that profound immunosuppression develops within a few days after sepsis onset in patients. This should be considered additional organ failure because it is associated with increased rate of nosocomial infections, mortality, and long-term complications, thus constituting the rationale for immunomodulation in patients. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the efficacy of such therapeutic strategy in improving deleterious outcomes in sepsis remains to be made. Results from clinical trials based on interleukin 7 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor immunoadjuvant therapies in septic shock patients are expected for 2018.