Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Mar;149:64-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.017. Epub 2017 Nov 15.
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are compounds used to prevent the damage produced by UV radiation in personal care products, plastics, etc. They have been associated with endocrine disruption, showing anti-estrogen activity in vertebrates and altering the ecdysone pathway in invertebrates. Although they have attracted the attention of multiple research teams there is a lack of data about how animals activate detoxification systems, especially in invertebrates. Here, analysis of the effects of two UV filters, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC), on the transcriptional activity of nine genes covering the three steps of the detoxification process has been performed. Four cytochrome P450 genes belonging to different members of this family, five GST genes, and the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) gene were studied by RT-PCR to analyze their transcriptional activity in fourth instar larvae exposed to the UV filters for 8 and 24h. The obtained results show a differential response with downregulation of the different Cyp450s tested by 4MBC while BP3 seems not to modify their expression. On the other hand, some of the GST genes were affected by one or other of the filters, showing a less homogenous response. Finally, MRP1 was activated by both filters but at different times. These results demonstrate for first time that UV filters alter the expression of genes involved in the different steps of the detoxification process and that they can be processed by phase I enzymes other than Cyp450s. They also suggest that UV filters affect biotransformation processes, compromising the ability of the individual to respond to chemical stress, so further research is needed to know the extent of the damage that they can produce in the resistance of the cell to chemicals.
紫外线 (UV) 过滤器是用于防止个人护理产品、塑料等中 UV 辐射造成损害的化合物。它们与内分泌干扰有关，在脊椎动物中表现出抗雌激素活性，并改变无脊椎动物中的蜕皮激素途径。尽管它们引起了多个研究团队的关注，但关于动物如何激活解毒系统的数据很少，尤其是在无脊椎动物中。在这里，分析了两种 UV 过滤器，二苯甲酮-3 (BP3) 和 4-甲基苄叉樟脑 (4MBC)，对涵盖解毒过程三个步骤的九个基因的转录活性的影响。通过 RT-PCR 研究了属于该家族不同成员的四个细胞色素 P450 基因、五个 GST 基因和多药耐药蛋白 1 (MRP1) 基因，以分析它们在暴露于 UV 过滤器 8 和 24 小时的第四龄幼虫中的转录活性。获得的结果显示出不同的反应，4MBC 下调了测试的不同 Cyp450s，而 BP3 似乎不会改变它们的表达。另一方面，一些 GST 基因受到一种或另一种过滤器的影响，表现出不太一致的反应。最后，MRP1 被两种过滤器激活，但时间不同。这些结果首次证明，UV 过滤器改变了参与解毒过程不同步骤的基因的表达，并且它们可以被除 Cyp450 之外的 I 相酶加工。它们还表明，UV 过滤器会影响生物转化过程，从而损害个体对化学应激的反应能力，因此需要进一步研究以了解它们在细胞对化学物质的抗性方面可能造成的损害程度。
