Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 15;669:983-990. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.023. Epub 2019 Mar 3.
Organic UV-filters are emergent contaminants continuously released into the aquatic ecosystems. These compounds are persistent showing potential for bioaccumulation. Partial life-cycle tests may underestimate the toxicity of UV-filters especially since these compounds have shown to act as endocrine disruptors. In the present study, the benthic aquatic insect Chironomus riparius was exposed to a gradient of Benzophenone-3 (BP3) concentrations over two generations to assess effects over a full life cycle from the first-instar larvae in the parental (P) generation (emergence, fecundity and fertility) until emergence in the subsequent generation (filial - F1). Recovery from exposure was also assessed after one generational exposure. Our results showed that concentrations of up to 8mg BP3/kg, elicited no effects regarding emergence rate and development time of C. riparius in the P generation. Our results also showed that C. riparius fecundity was not affected by BP3 exposure, but a strong dose-response relationship was observed for fertility with none of the egg ropes hatching at 8mg BP3/kg. Regarding effects observed in the F1 generation, emergence and development time were impaired by continuous exposure to BP3. Moreover, reduced emergence and changes in development time were observed in the F1 generation maintained in control/clean conditions but whose parents were exposed to BP3. Results found in this two-generational study clearly show reproductive effects of BP3 on C. riparius that would not be detected using standard tests. Full life cycle and multigenerational assays are critical to properly evaluate the population level effects of endocrine disrupting compounds such as organic UV-filters.
有机紫外线滤光剂是持续不断释放到水生生态系统中的新兴污染物。这些化合物具有持久性，具有潜在的生物累积性。部分生命周期测试可能会低估紫外线滤光剂的毒性，特别是因为这些化合物已被证明具有内分泌干扰作用。在本研究中，底栖水生昆虫摇蚊（Chironomus riparius）在两代中暴露于苯并三唑-3（BP3）浓度梯度下，以评估从亲代（P）代的第一龄幼虫（出现、繁殖力和育性）到随后一代（子代 - F1）的整个生命周期中的影响。在一次暴露后的恢复情况也进行了评估。我们的结果表明，在 P 代中，高达 8mg BP3/kg 的浓度不会对摇蚊的出现率和发育时间产生影响。我们的结果还表明，BP3 暴露不会影响摇蚊的繁殖力，但对育性的影响呈强烈的剂量反应关系，在 8mg BP3/kg 的浓度下，没有一条卵绳孵化。关于在 F1 代中观察到的影响，连续暴露于 BP3 会损害出现和发育时间。此外，在保持在对照/清洁条件下但其父母曾暴露于 BP3 的 F1 代中，也观察到出现率降低和发育时间变化。这项两代研究的结果清楚地表明，BP3 对摇蚊具有生殖毒性，如果不使用标准测试，这些毒性将无法检测到。完整的生命周期和多代测试对于正确评估内分泌干扰化合物（如有机紫外线滤光剂）对种群水平的影响至关重要。
