Hackney Amy L, Cinelli Michael E, Frank James S
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Canada; Southern Ontario Smart Computing Innovation Program, University of Toronto, Canada.
Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2018 Jan;182:100-106. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.11.006. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
When avoiding obstacles, path selection is thought to be determined by the attraction of the end-goal. However for aperture crossing, it is unclear whether the attraction point originates in the center of the aperture or at the end-goal, as previous experiments align the aperture with the end-goal. The purpose of the current study was to decipher the possible location of the attraction point, by evaluating crossing behaviour for multiple, misaligned apertures. Participants were instructed to walk through three separate apertures while en route to an end-goal. The first and last apertures were fixed such that they were both either 0.9× or 1.7× shoulder width (SW) while the second aperture was either 0.9, 1.3 or 1.7× SW and shifted 25, 50 or 75cm off the midline. Findings revealed that the attraction of the end-goal, and not the middle of the aperture, guided crossing behaviour. The spatial margin decreased as the size of the shift increased. Furthermore, the frequency of rotation increased as the aperture was shifted away from midline, regardless of the aperture size. Since rotations would not normally occur for all of these aperture sizes when aligned with the end-goal, these results suggest that rotations were produced in an attempt to keep one's trajectory as close to the midline as possible. Therefore, not only does the attraction of the goal guide path trajectory, but individuals will choose to reduce the spatial margin and rotate the shoulders when walking through misaligned apertures, likely in attempt to maintain the straightest possible path.
在避开障碍物时，路径选择被认为是由终点目标的吸引力决定的。然而，对于穿过孔径而言，吸引力点是源自孔径中心还是终点目标尚不清楚，因为先前的实验将孔径与终点目标对齐了。本研究的目的是通过评估穿过多个未对齐孔径的行为来解读吸引力点的可能位置。参与者被指示在前往终点目标的途中穿过三个分开的孔径。第一个和最后一个孔径是固定的，其宽度均为肩宽（SW）的0.9倍或1.7倍，而第二个孔径为0.9、1.3或1.7倍SW，并偏离中线25、50或75厘米。研究结果表明，引导穿越行为的是终点目标的吸引力，而非孔径的中间位置。随着偏移量的增加，空间余量减小。此外，无论孔径大小如何，随着孔径偏离中线，旋转频率都会增加。由于当与终点目标对齐时，通常不会对所有这些孔径大小都发生旋转，因此这些结果表明，旋转的产生是为了使自己的轨迹尽可能靠近中线。因此，不仅目标的吸引力引导路径轨迹，而且个体在穿过未对齐的孔径时会选择减小空间余量并转动肩膀，这可能是为了保持尽可能直的路径。
