Shariat M, Gharaee J, Dalili H, Mohammadzadeh Y, Ansari Sh, Farahani Z
a Maternal , Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
b Psychiatric Department , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 May;32(9):1474-1477. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1408071. Epub 2017 Dec 3.
Behavioral disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are frequently reported among children with history of small body size at birth and disproportionate intrauterine growth retardation. The current study aimed to investigate some factors like executive functions and attention deficit in children with history of Small for gestational age (SGA) and/or Low Birth Weight (LBW) at birth.
A historical cohort study was done and 3-6 years old preschool children (with past history of SGA/LBW) from some kindergartens and health centers were selected. Control group was randomly selected among children with history of normal birth weight and appropriate for gestational age at birth. All children were interviewed by an expert psychologist. Variables related to their attention, development, and executive functions were assessed by ASQ, Conner's, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Completed questionnaires related Attention deficit and indexes of executive functions were evaluated between children in case groups and their counterparts in controls.
Based on inclusion criteria, 229 preschool children entered the study. With regard to size for gestational age, 124 cases were categorized in the SGA/LBW group and the rest were assigned in the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group. In the case group, NPE and Percent Perseverative Errors (PPE) scores were significantly lower than normal birth weight group (p = .0001, p = .015). Scores related B item of Conner's was significantly different between cases and their controls (p = .039, p = .035).
Our results indicated that children with past history of some risks at birth may suffer from complications related attention and executive functions in their childhood. Recommendations for further research are strongly suggested.
行为障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状在出生时体型小且存在不成比例的宫内生长迟缓病史的儿童中经常被报道。本研究旨在调查出生时患有小于胎龄儿（SGA）和/或低出生体重（LBW）病史的儿童的一些因素，如执行功能和注意力缺陷。
进行了一项历史性队列研究，从一些幼儿园和健康中心选取了3至6岁有SGA/LBW病史的学龄前儿童。对照组从出生体重正常且适合胎龄的儿童中随机选取。所有儿童均由专业心理学家进行访谈。通过年龄与发育进程问卷（ASQ）、康纳氏量表和威斯康星卡片分类测验评估与他们的注意力、发育和执行功能相关的变量。对病例组儿童和对照组儿童完成的与注意力缺陷和执行功能指标相关的问卷进行评估。
根据纳入标准，229名学龄前儿童进入研究。就胎龄大小而言，124例被归类为SGA/LBW组，其余被分配到适合胎龄（AGA）组。在病例组中，非持续性错误（NPE）和持续性错误百分比（PPE）得分显著低于正常出生体重组（p = 0.0001，p = 0.015）。病例组和对照组之间康纳氏量表B项的得分有显著差异（p = 0.039，p = 0.035）。
我们的结果表明，有出生时某些风险病史的儿童在童年时期可能会出现与注意力和执行功能相关的并发症。强烈建议进行进一步研究。
