University of Georgia.
State University of New York Buffalo.
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Dec;29(5):1969-1986. doi: 10.1017/S0954579417001523.
Parent-child relationships have long-term effects on health, particularly later inflammation and depression. We hypothesized that these effects would be mediated by later romantic partner relationships and elevated stressors in young adulthood, helping promote chronic, low grade, inflammation as well as depressive symptoms, and driving their covariation. It has been proposed recently that youth experiencing harsher parenting may also develop a stronger association between inflammation and depressive symptoms in adulthood and altered effects of stressors on outcomes. In the current investigation, we test these ideas using an 18-year longitudinal study of N = 413 African American youth that provides assessment of the parent-child relationship (at age 10), pro-inflammatory cytokine profile and depressive symptoms (at age 28), and potential mediators in early young adulthood (assessed at ages 21 and 24). As predicted, the effect of harsher parent-child relationships (age 10) on pro-inflammatory state and increased depressive symptoms at age 28 were fully mediated through young adult stress and romantic partner relationships. In addition, beyond these mediated effects, parent-child relationships at age 10 moderated the concurrent association between inflammation and depressive symptoms, as well as the prospective association between romantic partner relationships and inflammation, and resulted in substantially different patterns of indirect effects from young adult mediators to outcomes. The results support theorizing that the association of depression and inflammation in young adulthood is conditional on earlier parenting, and suggest incorporating this perspective into models predicting long-term health outcomes.
亲子关系对健康具有长期影响，尤其是对以后的炎症和抑郁。我们假设，这些影响将通过年轻成年人以后的浪漫伴侣关系和升高的压力源来介导，有助于促进慢性、低度炎症以及抑郁症状，并推动它们的共同变化。最近有人提出，经历更严厉的育儿方式的年轻人在成年后，炎症和抑郁症状之间的关联也可能更强，压力源对结果的影响也可能发生改变。在当前的研究中，我们使用了一项对 413 名非裔美国年轻人进行的 18 年纵向研究来检验这些想法，该研究提供了亲子关系（10 岁时）、促炎细胞因子谱和抑郁症状（28 岁时）以及年轻成年人早期（21 岁和 24 岁时评估）的潜在中介因素的评估。正如预测的那样，亲子关系（10 岁时）的恶化对 28 岁时的促炎状态和抑郁症状增加的影响完全通过年轻成年人的压力和浪漫伴侣关系来介导。此外，除了这些中介作用外，10 岁时的亲子关系还调节了炎症和抑郁症状之间的同期关联，以及浪漫伴侣关系与炎症之间的前瞻性关联，并导致从年轻成年人的中介因素到结果的间接效应模式有很大的不同。研究结果支持这样一种理论，即年轻成年人的抑郁和炎症之间的关联取决于早期的育儿方式，并建议将这一观点纳入预测长期健康结果的模型中。
