Wakim Kathryn-Mary, Molloy Ciara J, Bell Ryan P, Ross Lars A, Foxe John J
The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
Front Neurol. 2017 Oct 31;8:562. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00562. eCollection 2017.
Cocaine use is associated with the transmission of human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus through risky sexual behavior. In HIV+ individuals, cocaine use is linked with poor health outcomes, including HIV-medication non-adherence and faster disease progression. Both HIV and cocaine dependence are associated with reduced integrity of cerebral white matter (WM), but the effects of HIV during cocaine abstinence have not yet been explored. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to understand the effect of combined HIV+ serostatus and former cocaine dependence on cerebral WM integrity. DTI data obtained from 15 HIV+ women with a history of cocaine dependence (COC+/HIV+) and 21 healthy females were included in the analysis. Diffusion-based measures [fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity, and axial diffusivity] were examined using tract-based spatial statistics and region-of-interest analyses. In a whole-brain analysis, COC+/HIV+ women showed significantly reduced FA and increased RD in all major WM tracts, except the left corticospinal tract for RD. The tract with greatest percentage of voxels showing significant between-group differences was the forceps minor (FA: 75.6%, RD: 59.7%). These widespread changes in diffusion measures indicate an extensive neuropathological effect of HIV and former cocaine dependence on WM.
使用可卡因与通过危险的性行为传播人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）有关。在HIV阳性个体中，使用可卡因与不良健康后果相关，包括不坚持服用抗HIV药物以及疾病进展更快。HIV和可卡因依赖都与脑白质（WM）完整性降低有关，但尚未探讨在戒除可卡因期间HIV的影响。我们使用扩散张量成像（DTI）来了解HIV阳性血清状态和既往可卡因依赖对脑WM完整性的综合影响。分析纳入了从15名有可卡因依赖史的HIV阳性女性（COC+/HIV+）和21名健康女性获得的DTI数据。使用基于束的空间统计学和感兴趣区域分析来检查基于扩散的测量指标[分数各向异性（FA）、径向扩散率（RD）、平均扩散率和轴向扩散率]。在全脑分析中，COC+/HIV+女性在所有主要WM束中显示FA显著降低，RD增加，但左侧皮质脊髓束的RD除外。显示组间差异显著的体素百分比最高的束是小钳（FA：75.6%，RD：59.7%）。这些扩散测量指标的广泛变化表明HIV和既往可卡因依赖对WM有广泛的神经病理学影响。
