Meyer Vanessa J, Little Deborah M, Fitzgerald Daniel A, Sundermann Erin E, Rubin Leah H, Martin Eileen M, Weber Kathleen M, Cohen Mardge H, Maki Pauline M
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Neurovirol. 2014 Aug;20(4):352-61. doi: 10.1007/s13365-014-0250-x. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
Crack cocaine use is associated with impaired verbal memory in HIV-infected women more than uninfected women. To understand the neural basis for this impairment, this study examined the effects of crack cocaine use on activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and strategic encoding during a verbal memory task in HIV-infected women. Three groups of HIV-infected women from the Chicago Consortium of the Women's Interagency HIV Study were compared: current users of crack cocaine (n = 10), former users of cocaine (n = 11), and women who had never used cocaine (n = 9). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a verbal memory task and completed a neuropsychological test of verbal memory. On the neuropsychological test, current crack users performed significantly worse than other groups on semantic clustering, a measure of strategic encoding, p < 0.05. During encoding, activation in left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was lower in current and former cocaine users compared to never users. During recognition, activation in bilateral PFC, specifically left dorsal medial PFC and bilateral dorsolateral PFC, was lower in current and former users compared to women who had never used cocaine. Lower activation in left dorsolateral PFC was correlated with worse performance on the recognition task, p < 0.05. The verbal learning and memory deficits associated with cocaine use in women with HIV may be partially accounted for by alterations in ACC and PFC function.
与未感染艾滋病毒的女性相比，感染艾滋病毒的女性使用快克可卡因与言语记忆受损有关。为了了解这种损伤的神经基础，本研究考察了使用快克可卡因对感染艾滋病毒女性在言语记忆任务期间前额叶皮质（PFC）激活和策略性编码的影响。比较了来自女性机构间艾滋病毒研究芝加哥联盟的三组感染艾滋病毒的女性：当前快克可卡因使用者（n = 10）、既往可卡因使用者（n = 11）和从未使用过可卡因的女性（n = 9）。参与者在言语记忆任务期间接受功能磁共振成像，并完成言语记忆的神经心理学测试。在神经心理学测试中，当前快克可卡因使用者在语义聚类（一种策略性编码测量）方面的表现明显比其他组差，p < 0.05。在编码过程中，与从未使用者相比，当前和既往可卡因使用者左前扣带回皮质（ACC）的激活较低。在识别过程中，与从未使用过可卡因的女性相比，当前和既往使用者双侧PFC的激活较低，特别是左背内侧PFC和双侧背外侧PFC。左背外侧PFC的较低激活与识别任务中的较差表现相关，p < 0.05。艾滋病毒感染女性中与可卡因使用相关的言语学习和记忆缺陷可能部分由ACC和PFC功能改变所致。
