Kammermeier Stefan, Singh Arun, Bötzel Kai
Klinikum der Universität München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, München, Germany.
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States.
Front Neurol. 2017 Nov 3;8:587. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00587. eCollection 2017.
Human multimodal vestibular cortical regions are bilaterally anterior insulae and posterior opercula, where characteristic vestibular-related cortical potentials were previously reported under acoustic otolith stimulation. Galvanic vestibular stimulation likely influences semicircular canals preferentially. Galvanic stimulation was compared to previously established data under acoustic stimulation.
14 healthy right-handed subjects, who were also included in the previous acoustic potential study, showed normal acoustic and galvanic vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. They received 2,000 galvanic binaural bipolar stimuli for each side during EEG recording.
Vestibular cortical potentials were found in all 14 subjects and in the pooled data of all subjects ("grand average") bilaterally. Anterior insula and posterior operculum were activated exclusively under galvanic stimulation at 25, 35, 50, and 80 ms; frontal regions at 30 and 45 ms. Potentials at 70 ms in frontal regions and at 110 ms at all of the involved regions could also be recorded; these events were also found using acoustic stimulation in our previous study.
Galvanic semicircular canal stimulation evokes specific potentials in addition to those also found with acoustic otolith stimulation in identically located regions of the vestibular cortex. Vestibular cortical regions activate differently by galvanic and acoustic input at the peripheral sensory level.
Differential effects in vestibular cortical-evoked potentials may see clinical use in specific vertigo disorders.
人类多模态前庭皮质区域位于双侧脑岛前部和脑盖后部，先前报道在听觉耳石刺激下这些区域存在与前庭相关的特征性皮质电位。直流电前庭刺激可能优先影响半规管。将直流电刺激与先前在听觉刺激下建立的数据进行比较。
14名健康右利手受试者（他们也被纳入先前的听觉电位研究）显示听觉和直流电前庭诱发肌源性电位正常。在脑电图记录期间，他们每侧接受2000次双耳双极直流电刺激。
在所有14名受试者中以及在所有受试者的汇总数据（“总体平均值”）中双侧均发现了前庭皮质电位。在25、35、50和80毫秒时，仅在直流电刺激下脑岛前部和脑盖后部被激活；在30和45毫秒时额叶区域被激活。还可以记录额叶区域在70毫秒时以及所有相关区域在110毫秒时的电位；在我们先前的研究中使用听觉刺激时也发现了这些事件。
除了在相同位置的前庭皮质区域中听觉耳石刺激也能发现的电位外，直流电半规管刺激还能诱发特定电位。在前庭皮质区域，直流电和听觉输入在周围感觉水平上的激活方式不同。
前庭皮质诱发电位的差异效应可能在特定眩晕疾病的临床应用中发挥作用。
