Wilson J C
St. Helens Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Feb;160(2):391-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90455-9.
A prospective New Zealand study was started in 1982 to determine fertility rates and pregnancy outcomes after removal of copper intrauterine contraceptive devices to allow conception or because of complications. In a combined 4-year study, there were 887 removals to allow conception and 164 due to complications. Participants were 375 (35.7%) nulligravid and 676 (64.3%) gravid women. Within 48 months, 91.5% of the nulligravid and 95.7% of the gravid women had conceived. A 2-year combined study, with regard to longer use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (greater than 2 years), did not show any significant reduction in fertility or increase in ectopic gestation within 24 months. However, in gravid women of similar age distribution, there was a significant increase in the miscarriage rate, compared with use of intrauterine contraceptive devices for less than 2 years or compared with nulligravid women. In a 1-year study, removals because of complications did not cause a significant reduction in fertility or an increase in ectopic gestation, miscarriage, or preterm delivery rates within 12 months, compared with removals to allow conception.
1982年，新西兰开展了一项前瞻性研究，以确定取出铜宫内节育器以实现受孕或因并发症取出后生育率和妊娠结局。在一项为期4年的综合研究中，有887例取出节育器以实现受孕，164例因并发症取出。参与者包括375名（35.7%）未孕女性和676名（64.3%）已孕女性。在48个月内，91.5%的未孕女性和95.7%的已孕女性成功受孕。一项为期2年的综合研究针对宫内节育器使用时间更长（超过2年）的情况，结果显示在24个月内生育率没有显著降低，异位妊娠率也没有增加。然而，在年龄分布相似的已孕女性中，与宫内节育器使用时间少于2年的情况或未孕女性相比，流产率显著增加。在一项为期1年的研究中，与为实现受孕而取出节育器相比，因并发症取出节育器在12个月内并未导致生育率显著降低，异位妊娠、流产或早产率也未增加。
