Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Lisboa, Portugal.
Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Lisbon, Portugal.
Environ Res. 2018 Feb;161:236-247. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.017.
Emerging chemical contaminants [e.g. toxic metals speciation, flame retardants (FRs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), among others], that have not been historically recognized as pollutants nor their toxicological hazards, are increasingly more present in the marine environment. Furthermore, the effects of environmental conditions (e.g. temperature and pH) on bioaccumulation and elimination mechanisms of these emerging contaminants in marine biota have been poorly studied until now. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the effect of warmer seawater temperatures (Δ = + 4°C) and lower pH levels (Δ = - 0.4 pH units), acting alone or combined, on the bioaccumulation and elimination of emerging FRs (dechloranes 602, 603 and 604, and TBBPA), inorganic arsenic (iAs), and PFCs (PFOA and PFOS) in two estuarine bivalve species (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes philippinarum). Overall, results showed that warming alone or combined with acidification promoted the bioaccumulation of some compounds (i.e. dechloranes 602, 604, TBBPA), but also facilitated the elimination of others (i.e. iAs, TBBPA). Similarly, lower pH also resulted in higher levels of dechloranes, as well as enhanced iAs, PFOA and PFOS elimination. Data also suggests that, when both abiotic stressors are combined, bivalves' capacity to accumulate contaminants may be time-dependent, considering significantly drastic increase observed with Dec 602 and TBBPA, during the last 10 days of exposure, when compared to reference conditions. Such changes in contaminants' bioaccumulation/elimination patterns also suggest a potential increase of human health risks of some compounds, if the climate continues changing as forecasted. Therefore, this first study pointed out the urgent need for further research on the effects of abiotic conditions on emerging contaminants kinetics, to adequately estimate the potential toxicological hazards associated to these compounds and develop recommendations/regulations for their presence in seafood, considering the prevailing environmental conditions expected in tomorrow's ocean.
新兴化学污染物（例如有毒金属形态、阻燃剂 (FRs) 和全氟化合物 (PFCs) 等），这些污染物以前并未被认为是污染物，也没有其毒理学危害，但它们在海洋环境中越来越普遍。此外，迄今为止，环境条件（例如温度和 pH 值）对这些新兴污染物在海洋生物群中的生物积累和消除机制的影响研究甚少。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是首次评估单独或组合作用的较暖海水温度 (Δ = + 4°C) 和较低 pH 值 (Δ = - 0.4 pH 单位) 对两种河口双壳类物种（贻贝和菲律宾蛤仔）中新兴 FRs（六氯丁二烯 602、603 和 604 以及四溴双酚 A）、无机砷 (iAs) 和 PFCs（全氟辛酸 (PFOA) 和全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS)）的生物积累和消除的影响。总的来说，结果表明，单独升温或与酸化结合会促进某些化合物（即六氯丁二烯 602、604、四溴双酚 A）的生物积累，但也促进了其他化合物（即 iAs、四溴双酚 A）的消除。同样，较低的 pH 值也导致更高水平的六氯丁二烯，以及增强的 iAs、PFOA 和 PFOS 消除。数据还表明，当两种非生物胁迫因素结合时，双壳类动物积累污染物的能力可能是时间依赖性的，考虑到在暴露的最后 10 天与参考条件相比，观察到 Dec 602 和 TBBPA 的急剧增加。污染物生物积累/消除模式的这些变化还表明，如果气候继续按照预测的那样变化，某些化合物的人类健康风险可能会增加。因此，这项首次研究指出，迫切需要进一步研究非生物条件对新兴污染物动力学的影响，以充分估计与这些化合物相关的潜在毒理学危害，并根据预期的未来海洋环境条件，为海产品中这些化合物的存在制定建议/法规。
