Rosowski John J, Bowers Peter, Nakajima Hideko H
Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Hear Res. 2018 Mar;360:3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
While most models of cochlear function assume the presence of only two windows into the mammalian cochlea (the oval and round windows), a position that is generally supported by several lines of data, there is evidence for additional sound paths into and out of the inner ear in normal mammals. In this report we review the existing evidence for and against the 'two-window' hypothesis. We then determine how existing data and inner-ear anatomy restrict transmission of sound through these additional sound pathways in cat by utilizing a well-tested model of the cat inner ear, together with anatomical descriptions of the cat cochlear and vestibular aqueducts (potential additional windows to the cochlea). We conclude: (1) The existing data place limits on the size of the cochlear and vestibular aqueducts in cat and are consistent with small volume-velocities through these ducts during ossicular stimulation of the cochlea, (2) the predicted volume velocities produced by aqueducts with diameters half the size of the bony diameters match the functional data within ±10 dB, and (3) these additional volume velocity paths contribute to the inner ear's response to non-acoustic stimulation and conductive pathology.
虽然大多数耳蜗功能模型假定哺乳动物耳蜗仅有两个窗口（卵圆窗和圆窗），这一观点通常有几条数据线索支持，但有证据表明正常哺乳动物存在进出内耳的其他声音路径。在本报告中，我们回顾了支持和反对“双窗口”假说的现有证据。然后，我们利用经过充分测试的猫内耳模型以及猫耳蜗和前庭导水管（耳蜗潜在的额外窗口）的解剖学描述，确定现有数据和内耳解剖结构如何限制声音通过猫的这些额外声音路径的传播。我们得出以下结论：（1）现有数据限制了猫耳蜗和前庭导水管的大小，并且与耳蜗听骨链刺激期间通过这些管道的小体积速度一致；（2）直径为骨直径一半的导水管产生的预测体积速度与功能数据在±10 dB范围内匹配；（3）这些额外的体积速度路径有助于内耳对非声学刺激和传导性病理的反应。
