Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech. 2018 Apr;1861(4):401-408. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.006. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
Naturally occurring modifications of the nucleosides in the anticodon region of tRNAs influence their translational decoding properties. Uridines present at the wobble position in eukaryotic cytoplasmic tRNAs often contain a 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm(5)) or 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl (mcm(5)) side-chain and sometimes also a 2-thio or 2'-O-methyl group. The first step in the formation of the ncm(5) and mcm(5) side-chains requires the conserved six-subunit Elongator complex. Although Elongator has been implicated in several different cellular processes, accumulating evidence suggests that its primary, and possibly only, cellular function is to promote modification of tRNAs. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis and function of modified wobble uridines in eukaryotic cytoplasmic tRNAs, focusing on the in vivo role of Elongator-dependent modifications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: SI: Regulation of tRNA synthesis and modification in physiological conditions and disease edited by Dr. Boguta Magdalena.
天然存在的 tRNA 反密码子区域核苷的修饰影响其翻译解码特性。真核细胞质 tRNA 中处于摆动位置的尿嘧啶通常含有 5-碳氨甲酰基（ncm(5)）或 5-甲氧基羰基甲基（mcm(5)）侧链，有时还含有 2-硫或 2'-O-甲基。ncm(5) 和 mcm(5) 侧链形成的第一步需要保守的六亚基 Elongator 复合物。尽管 Elongator 已涉及多种不同的细胞过程，但越来越多的证据表明，它的主要功能（可能也是唯一的功能）是促进 tRNA 的修饰。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了真核细胞质 tRNA 中修饰的摆动尿嘧啶的生物合成和功能，重点介绍了 Elongator 依赖性修饰在酿酒酵母中的体内作用。本文是由 Boguta Magdalena 博士编辑的题为“生理条件和疾病下 tRNA 合成和修饰的调控”的特刊的一部分。
