Clarke Darren, Penrose Marissa A, Penstone Tamasin, Fuller-Carter Paula I, Hool Livia C, Harvey Alan R, Rodger Jennifer, Bates Kristyn A
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Crawley, WA, Australia.
School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Crawley, WA, Australia.
Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2017;35(6):557-569. doi: 10.3233/RNN-160708.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique that uses magnetic pulses over the cranium to induce electrical currents in underlying cortical tissue. Although rTMS has shown clinical utility for a number of neurological conditions, we have only limited understanding of how rTMS influences cellular function and cell-cell interactions.
In this study, we sought to investigate whether repeated magnetic stimulation (rMS) can influence astrocyte biology in vitro.
We tested four different rMS frequencies and measured the calcium response in primary neonatal astrocyte cultures. We also tested the effect of rMS on astrocyte migration and proliferation in vitro. We tested 3 to 4 culture replicates and 17 to 34 cells for each rMS frequency (sham, 1 Hz, cTBS, 10 Hz and biomemetic high frequency stimulation - BHFS).
Of all frequencies tested, 1 Hz stimulation resulted in a statistically significant rise in intracellular calcium in the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of the cultured astrocytes. This calcium rise did not affect migration or proliferation in the scratch assay, though astrocyte hypertrophy was reduced in response to 1 Hz rMS, 24 hours post scratch injury.
Our results provide preliminary evidence that rMS can influence astrocyte physiology, indicating the potential for a novel mechanism by which rTMS can influence brain activity.
重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）是一种非侵入性技术，通过在颅骨上施加磁脉冲以在其下方的皮质组织中诱导电流。尽管rTMS已在多种神经系统疾病中显示出临床效用，但我们对rTMS如何影响细胞功能和细胞间相互作用的了解仍然有限。
在本研究中，我们试图探究重复磁刺激（rMS）是否能在体外影响星形胶质细胞生物学特性。
我们测试了四种不同的rMS频率，并测量了原代新生星形胶质细胞培养物中的钙反应。我们还测试了rMS对体外星形胶质细胞迁移和增殖的影响。对于每种rMS频率（假刺激、1赫兹、连续theta爆发刺激 - cTBS、10赫兹和仿生高频刺激 - BHFS），我们测试了3至4个培养复制品和17至34个细胞。
在所有测试频率中，1赫兹刺激导致培养的星形胶质细胞的细胞质和细胞核区域内细胞内钙含量出现统计学上的显著升高。这种钙升高在划痕试验中并未影响迁移或增殖，不过在划痕损伤后24小时，响应1赫兹rMS时星形胶质细胞肥大有所减轻。
我们的结果提供了初步证据，表明rMS可影响星形胶质细胞生理学，这表明rTMS可能通过一种新机制影响脑活动。
