Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Feb;148:675-683. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.010. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
In the last decade, many scientists have focused their attention on the search for new plant species that can offer improved capacities to reclaim polluted soils and waters via phytoremediation. In this study, seed batches from three natural populations of Dittrichia viscosa, harvested in rural, urban, and industrial areas of central and southern Italy, were used to: (i) evaluate the genetic and morphological diversity of the populations; (ii) develop an efficient protocol for in-vitro propagation from seedling microcuttings; (iii) achieve optimal acclimatization of micropropagated plants to greenhouse conditions; (iv) test the response to arsenic (As) soil contamination of micropropagated plants. The genetic biodiversity study, based on Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), as well as the morphometric analysis of 20 seedlings from each population revealed some degree of differentiation among populations. Based on these data, the most biodiverse plants from the three populations (10 lines each) were clonally multiplied by micropropagation using microcuttings of in-vitro grown seedlings. Three culture media were tested and Mureshige and Skoog medium was chosen for both seedling growth and micropropagation. The micropropagated plants responded well to greenhouse conditions and over 95% survived the acclimatization phase. Four clones were tested for their capacity to grow on soil spiked with NaAsO and to absorb and accumulate the metalloid. All clones tolerated up to 1.0mg As. At the end of the trial (five weeks), As was detectable only in leaves of As-treated plants and concentration varied significantly among clones. The amount of As present in plants (leaves) corresponded to ca. 0.10-1.7% of the amount supplied. However, As was no longer detectable in soil suggesting that the metalloid was taken up, translocated and probably phytovolatilized.
在过去的十年中，许多科学家一直致力于寻找新的植物物种，这些物种可以通过植物修复来提高回收受污染土壤和水的能力。在这项研究中，从三种天然种群的 Dittrichia viscosa 中收获的种子批次，分别在意大利中部和南部的农村、城市和工业区使用，以：（i）评估种群的遗传和形态多样性；（ii）从幼苗微扦插中开发出高效的体外繁殖方案；（iii）使微繁殖植物对温室条件进行最佳适应；（iv）测试微繁殖植物对砷（As）土壤污染的反应。基于随机扩增多态性 DNA（RAPD）的遗传生物多样性研究以及对每个种群的 20 株幼苗的形态计量分析表明，种群之间存在一定程度的分化。根据这些数据，从三个种群中选择遗传多样性最高的植物（每个种群 10 株），通过微扦插对体外生长的幼苗进行克隆繁殖。测试了三种培养基，Mureshige 和 Skoog 培养基被选择用于幼苗生长和微繁殖。微繁殖植物对温室条件反应良好，超过 95%的植物在适应阶段存活下来。对四个克隆体进行了测试，以研究它们在添加 NaAsO 的土壤上生长和吸收和积累这种类金属的能力。所有克隆体都能耐受高达 1.0mg As。在试验结束时（五周后），仅在经 As 处理的植物叶片中检测到 As，并且在克隆体之间差异显著。植物（叶片）中存在的 As 量约占供应量的 0.10-1.7%。然而，土壤中不再检测到 As，表明类金属被吸收、转运并可能被植物挥发。
